Bio1

Front 1

A small flatworm present in the ponds of deformed frogs.

Back 1

Ribeiroia

Front 2

The scientific study of living things.

Back 2

Biology

Front 3

An organized genetic unit capable of metabolism, reproduction, and evolution.

Back 3

Life

Front 4

The total chemical activity of a living organism.

Back 4

Metabolism

Front 5

Maintenance of fairly stable internal conditions.

Back 5

Homeostasis

Front 6

The combination of reproduction and errors in the duplication of genetic material results in ________, a change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms over time.

Back 6

biological evolution

Front 7

The differences among living things that enable them to live in different kinds of environments and adopt different lifestyles.

Back 7

adaptions

Front 8

What are some goals of biologists?

Back 8

To understand how organisms and assemblages of organisms function and to use that knowledge to solve problems.

Front 9

What are three defining characteristics of life?

Back 9

Metabolism, reproduction, and evolution.

Front 10

What controls the chemical reactions needed to function in an organism?

Back 10

genes

Front 11

What are some factors that organisms must make metabolic adjustments to?

Back 11

changes in temperature, the presence or absence of sunlight, or the presence of foreign agents inside their bodies.

Front 12

What is a way, other than homeostasis, that organisms respond to change?

Back 12

reorganization

Front 13

What do the similarity of mammalian limbs suggest?

Back 13

Limbs have been modified over time from the forelimbs of a common ancestor.

Front 14

What was Lamarck's theory?

Back 14

Certain features become larger and more developed over time because they were used more. This is not correct.

Front 15

What is Darwin's conclusion that, "The differnces among individuals influence how well those individuals survive and reproduce. Any traits that increase the probability that their beaters will survive and reproduce are passed on to their offspring and to their offspring's offspring."

Back 15

Natural Selection

Front 16

What problem did critics have with Darwin's view of natural selection?

Back 16

It suggested that the world was much older than originally thought.

Front 17

The smallest chemical units.

Back 17

atoms

Front 18

Led to the appearance of life nearly 4 billion years ago when random inorganic chemical interactions produced molecules that could act as templates to form similar molecules.

Back 18

chemical evolution

Front 19

Compartments that enclose systems of molecules.

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Cells

Front 20

What control did cells exert over molecules?

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The entrance, retention, and exit of molecules and the chemical reactions taking place.

Front 21

What marked the beginning of biological evolution?

Back 21

the origin of cells

Front 22

What kind of organisms existed on earth for 2 billion years after cells originated?

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unicellur organisms, prokaryotes (although eukaryotic cells also began as unicellular organisms)

Front 23

Why were prokaryotic cells confined to the oceans?

Back 23

there was no atmoshpere to block uv light.

Front 24

The ability to use the energy of sunlight to power metabolism.

Back 24

photosynthesis

Front 25

What present day prokaryotes are similar to early photosynthetic cells?

Back 25

cyanobacteria

Front 26

Prokaryotes that developed a tollerance to _______ were able to proliferate in abundance where other organisms were wiped out.

Back 26

oxygen

Front 27

Metabolic reactions that use oxygen; allowed cells to grow larger.

Back 27

aerobic metabolism

Front 28

What was the long term effect of photosythesis on the atmosphere?

Back 28

A dense layer of ozone (O3) that acted as a uv shield.

Front 29

Cells with complex internal compartments. Can be part of a one or more celled organism.

Back 29

eukaryotic cells

Front 30

organisms consisting of more than one cell

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multicellular organisms

Front 31

What two developments made the evolution of multicellular organisms possible?

Back 31

the development of prokaryotes to transform themselves into resting spores that could survive harsh environments and allowing cells to stick together after they divided and to act in a coordinated manner.

Front 32

Exchanges of genetic material.

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sex

Front 33

Nuclear division.

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Mitosis

Front 34

Specialized sex cells

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gametes

Front 35

A more complex method of nuclear divisions.

Back 35

meiosis

Front 36

What is the heirarchy of units.

Back 36

atoms, molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, biosphere.

Front 37

Groups of animals that only breed with eachother.

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species

Front 38

What terms refer to the level of complexity of an organism?

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simple and complex

Front 39

What terms distinguish characterstics that appeared earlier from those that appeared later in evolution?

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ancestral and derived

Front 40

Splits in population.

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Speciation events

Front 41

The most broad division of organisms. Have been evolving seperately from eachother for more than a billion years.

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domains

Front 42

The two prokaryote domains.

Back 42

Archea and Bacteria

Front 43

The domain that has eucaryotic cells.

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Eukarya

Front 44

What are the four kingdoms?

Back 44

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

Front 45

Which kinds of organisms use photosynthesis?

Back 45

some bacteria, some protists, and most plants.

Front 46

Self-feeders,

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autotrophs

Front 47

Which group absorbs broken down products for food and how is their eating style classified?

Back 47

fungi, heterotrophs

Front 48

A groups of species that share a recent common ancestor.

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genus

Front 49

What two names are species identified by

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genus and species

Front 50

hypothesis-prediction approach

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five steps: observations, questions, hypotheses, predictions, testing the predictions

Front 51

An experiment in which all factors except for the hypothesized one are kept constant.

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controlled experiments

Front 52

Hypotheses are tested by making predictions about patterns that should exist in nature if the hypotheses are correct.

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comparitive method

Front 53

What is the highest level in the hierarchy of Monera (not including cell)?

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Molecules

Front 54

What is the highest level in the hierarchy of protists(not including cell)?

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organelle

Front 55

What is the highest level in the hierarchy of fungi (not including cell)?

Back 55

tissues

Front 56

What is the highest level in the hierarchy of plantae (not including cell)?

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organs

Front 57

What is the highest level in the hierarchy of Animals (not including cell)?

Back 57

systems of organs

Front 58

These bonds share electrons.

Back 58

Covalent bonds.

Front 59

In a water molecule, the _____ is more electronegative.

Back 59

oxygen

Front 60

What relatively weak bonds connect water molecules?

Back 60

hydrogen bonds

Front 61

polar molecules tend to be _____.

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hydrophillic

Front 62

Non-polar molecules tend to be ______.

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hydrophobic

Front 63

Non-polar moecules are attracted to eacother via relatively weak forces called________.

Back 63

Van der Waals forces.

Front 64

Solid water has a lot of hydrogen bonds, water has fewer, if one breaks off completely, it ___________.

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evaporates

Front 65

The number of calories needed to raise on gram of water one degree.

Back 65

specific heat

Front 66

water has a high ___ making it difficult to puncture.

Back 66

surface tension

Front 67

The cool-aid drink in cool-aid.

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solution

Front 68

the powder in cool-aid drink

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solute

Front 69

the water in cool-aid

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the solvent

Front 70

-OH means

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hydroxyl

Front 71

-COOH means

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carboxyl

Front 72

-NH2 means

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amino

Front 73

Life arose on Earth approximately how many years ago?

Back 73

3.8 billion years ago

Front 74

______ are the differences among organisms that allow for life in such a wide variety of environments.

Back 74

adaptions

Front 75

Which of the following statements regarding evolutionary biology is not true?

a) Darwin and Wallace postulated that mortality rates match reproductive rates, that characteristics are heritable, and that those characterstics most suited to the environment are selected for.

b) Darwin postulated that characteristics could be acquired in a single generation.

c) Darwin was the first to come up with an evolutionary theory.

d) both b and c

Back 75

d

Front 76

Which of the following is not a domain in the Tree of Life?

a) archaea
b) plantae
c) eukarya
d) bacteria

Back 76

plantae

Front 77

The deepest division of the evolutionary history of life is?

Back 77

domain

Front 78

Organisms are named using first their ______ and then their ________.

Back 78

genus; species

Front 79

For a hypothesis to be scientifically valid, it must be _____ and it must be possible to _______ it.

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testable, reject

Front 80

What property of water make it an excellent solvent?

Back 80

it is a polar molecule