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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anaphase
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3rd phase of mitosis in which the split and the chromatid pairs of each chromo. are pulled apart
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cell cycle
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continuous sequense of growth and division in a cell
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centriole
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cylindrical structure composed of micro. that duplicate durring interphase, more during prophase
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centromere
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cell structure that joins 2 sister chromatids of a chromosome
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chromosomes
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cell structure that carry genetic material
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cytokinesis
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cell process following mitosis or meiosis in which the cells cytoplasm divides and seperates into new cells
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interphase
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when cell increases in size, carries on metabolism and duplicates chromosomes prior to division
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metaphase
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double chromosomes; more to equator of the spindle, and chromotids are attached by centromers to a seperate spindle fiber
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gene
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segment of DNA that controls the protein production and cell cycle
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allele
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alt. forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
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dominant
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observed trait of an organism the masks the resessive form of a trait
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garnete
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male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
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genetics
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branch of bio. that studies heredity
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genotype
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combination of genes in an organism
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heredity
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passing on characteristics from parents to off spring
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heterozygous
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when their are 2 different alleles for a trait
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mitosis
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period of nuclear cell division in which 2 daughter cells are formed
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organ system
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multiple organs that work together to perform a specific function
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prophase
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longest phase or mitosis, where chromatid coils into visible chromosomes
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sister chromatids
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identical halves of a duplicated parent chromosomes formed during the prophase stage of mitosis
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spindle
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cell structures composed of microtubule fibers
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telophase
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final phase of mitosis, which new cells prepare for their own independent existance
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tissue
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group of cells that work together work together to preform a specific function
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cancer
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uncontrolled cell division, caused by environmental factors, or enzyme production in the cell cycle
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crossing over
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exchange of genetic materials between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase of meiosi
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diploid
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cell with two of each kind of chromosomes
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egg
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haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis
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genetic recombination
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major source of genetic variation of among organisms caused by reassortment of crossing over durring meiosis
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haploid
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cell with one of each kind of chromosomes
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homologous chromosomes
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paired chromo. with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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meiosis
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type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes
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nondisjunction
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failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
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sexual reproduction
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pattern of reproduction that involves the reproduction and subsequent fusion of haploid cells
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hybrid
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when there are 2 identical alleles
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law of ind. ass.
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Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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law of segregation
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because each plant has 2 different alleles, it can produce 2 different types of genetics
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phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism
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pollination
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from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants
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recessive
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trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form og trait
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zygote
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diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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sperm
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haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis
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