Bio Unit 3

Front 1

Enzymes

Back 1

protein molecules that function as catalysts

Front 2

Catalysts

Back 2

speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Front 3

Energy of Activation

Back 3

energy required to start a chemical reaction

Front 4

Substrates

Back 4

the reactants of enzymatically catalyze reactions

Front 5

Substrate

Back 5

what an enzyme connects to

Front 6

Active Site

Back 6

area on an enzyme that attaches to the substrate

Front 7

Allosteric site

Back 7

on an enzyme, a site used for effector attachment which leads to regulation of enzyme activity

Front 8

Denatured

Back 8

altered, changed

Front 9

Causes of denaturation

Back 9

heat & pH extremes

Front 10

Coenzymes

Back 10

assist enzymes and help in reactions

Front 11

Vitamins

Back 11

small organ compounds required in the diet for the synthesis of Coenzymes

Front 12

Enzyme inhibitor

Back 12

substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity

Front 13

Competitive inhibition

Back 13

the substrate and the in inhibitor are both able to bind to active site

Front 14

Noncompetitive inhibition

Back 14

the inhibitor does not bind at the active site, but at the allosteric site

Front 15

Poisons

Back 15

materials that irreversibly inhibit an enzyme

Front 16

Cyanide

Back 16

inhibits enzymes required for ATP production

Front 17

Sarin

Back 17

inhibits an enzyme located at the neuromuscular junction

Front 18

Lock & Key Theory

Back 18

explains how enzymes work

Front 19

Photosynthesis

Back 19

plants converting sunlight into stored energy by making carbohydrates

Front 20

Glucose Formula

Back 20

C6H12O6

Front 21

CO2, H2O, Light

Back 21

Photosynthesis reactants

Front 22

C6H12O6, O2

Back 22

Photosynthesis products

Front 23

Autotrophs

Back 23

organisms that can make their own food

Front 24

Heterotrophs

Back 24

organisms that cannot make their own food source

Front 25

Chlorophyll

Back 25

green pigment that absorbs and reflects different wavelengths of light

Front 26

Reflected

Back 26

colors that you see are actually being ______

Front 27

High reflection

Back 27

low absorption means _______

Front 28

Light reaction & dark reaction

Back 28

steps of photosynthesis

Front 29

Light reaction

Back 29

absorption of sunlight and converting it into energy

Front 30

Chloroplasts

Back 30

where photosystems take place

Front 31

Photosystem II

Back 31

light absorption, oxygen production, and ATP formation take place during this

Front 32

Photosystem I

Back 32

NADPH production takes place during this

Front 33

Calvin Cycle

Back 33

dark reactions are also called the _________.

Front 34

ATP & NADPH

Back 34

dark reaction require the products of the light reaction which are ________.

Front 35

Glucose

Back 35

stored for future use

"energy bank"

Front 36

Glycogen

Back 36

what glucose is stored as in animals

Front 37

Starch

Back 37

what glucose is stored as in plants

Front 38

Heat

Back 38

what energy is

Front 39

CO2, H2O, energy (ATP & heat)

Back 39

what is produced during cellular respiration

Front 40

C6H12O6 & O2

Back 40

what goes into cellular respiration

Front 41

calories (cal)

Back 41

heat is measured in

Front 42

Calorie (Cal)

Back 42

1000 heat calorie is equal to 1 ________.

Front 43

Cellular respiration

Back 43

the process by which glucose is broken down into energy

Front 44

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system

Back 44

Three steps to cellular respiration

Front 45

Cytoplasm

Back 45

where glycolysisoccurs

Front 46

Anaerobic

Back 46

no oxygen means

Front 47

Glycolysis

Back 47

no oxygen is used during ________.

Front 48

Pyruvate molecules

Back 48

removing the hydrogen from pyruvic acid makes what

Front 49

2NADH, 4ATP, 2 pyruate molecules

Back 49

products of glycolysis

Front 50

Citric acid cycle

Back 50

Kreb's cycle is also called _________.

Front 51

Mitochondrian inner membrane

Back 51

The Krebs cycle takes place here

Front 52

Aerobic

Back 52

The Krebs cycle required oxygen and is therefore _______.

Front 53

Removal of H+ from pyruvate

Back 53

The goal of the Krebs cycle is to _______.

Front 54

NAD and FAD

Back 54

These co-enzymes will accept the H+ along with high energy electrons during the Citric Acid cycle

Front 55

Electron Transport System (ETS)

Back 55

NADH & FADH2 pass on hydrogen ions and e- to more electron carriers known as the cytochromes

Front 56

Cytochrome chain

Back 56

cytochromes that pass e- and H+ that are embedded in the inner membrane

Front 57

36 ATP

Back 57

1 molecule of glucose is equal to how many molecules of ATP?

Front 58

Liver and cardiac

Back 58

what cells yield 38 molecules of ATP?

Front 59

Complex organisms

Back 59

lactic acid fermentation usually takes place in _______.

Front 60

Lactic acid

Back 60

causes muscle fatigue

Front 61

Oxygen debt

Back 61

lactic acid is produced do to what?

Front 62

Simple organisms

Back 62

alcoholic fermentation usually takes place in _______.

Front 63

Bacteria, fungi, yeast in bread

Back 63

examples of alcoholic fermentation

Front 64

ethanol & CO2

Back 64

the end products in alcoholic fermentation are what?