Bio: Unit 2 Test

Front 1

ATP

Back 1

Source of free energy in cells

Front 2

Phosphorylation

Back 2

Bonding of free phosphate to an organic material

Front 3

Redox Reaction

Back 3

Transferring electrons from one reactant to another

Loser: oxidized

Gainer: reduced

Front 4

What happens to Pyruvate

Back 4

Fermentation is the anaerobic reduction of Pyruvate to ethanol or lactic acid

Front 5

Lactate Threshold

Back 5

When blood lactate begins to increase

Front 6

Oxygen Debt

Back 6

Amount of oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid to glucose

Front 7

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 7

Many prokaryotes have electron Transport chains on internal membrane systems

Front 8

Related Pathways

Back 8

Larger carbs proteins and lipids are metabolized for energy by entering glycolysis or citric acid cycle

Front 9

Protein Catabolism

Back 9

Proteins are digested into amino acids, amino group then removed

Process called deamination

Front 10

Lipid Structure

Back 10

Most of the fats digested by humans are triglycerides

Front 11

B-oxidation

Back 11

Fatty acid cleaved into 2 carbon groups which are converted into Acetyl Co A then enters Krebs Cycle

Front 12

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 12

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 13

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 13

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 14

Mitochondria

Back 14

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 15

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 15

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 16

Mitochondria

Back 16

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 17

Pyruvate Oxidation

Back 17

1. Get Pyruvate from glycolysis

2. CO2 removed

3. Redox Rxn with NADH

4. Used in Krebs cycle

Front 18

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 18

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 19

Mitochondria

Back 19

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 20

Pyruvate Oxidation

Back 20

1. Get Pyruvate from glycolysis

2. CO2 removed

3. Redox Rxn with NADH

4. Used in Krebs cycle

Front 21

Where does Acetyl Co A go?

Back 21

NADH goes to electron transport

CO2 diffuses out of mitochondria

Acetyl enters Krebs cycle

Front 22

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 22

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 23

Mitochondria

Back 23

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 24

Pyruvate Oxidation

Back 24

1. Get Pyruvate from glycolysis

2. CO2 removed

3. Redox Rxn with NADH

4. Used in Krebs cycle

Front 25

Where does Acetyl Co A go?

Back 25

NADH goes to electron transport

CO2 diffuses out of mitochondria

Acetyl enters Krebs cycle

Front 26

Eukaryotic Autotrophs

Back 26

Contain chlorophyll within organelles called chloroplasts (green)

Front 27

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 27

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 28

Mitochondria

Back 28

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 29

Pyruvate Oxidation

Back 29

1. Get Pyruvate from glycolysis

2. CO2 removed

3. Redox Rxn with NADH

4. Used in Krebs cycle

Front 30

Where does Acetyl Co A go?

Back 30

NADH goes to electron transport

CO2 diffuses out of mitochondria

Acetyl enters Krebs cycle

Front 31

Eukaryotic Autotrophs

Back 31

Contain chlorophyll within organelles called chloroplasts (green)

Front 32

Plant Parts

Back 32

Leaves - factory

Transpiration - cooling and transport

Stomata - gate keepers

Front 33

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 33

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 34

Mitochondria

Back 34

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 35

Pyruvate Oxidation

Back 35

1. Get Pyruvate from glycolysis

2. CO2 removed

3. Redox Rxn with NADH

4. Used in Krebs cycle

Front 36

Where does Acetyl Co A go?

Back 36

NADH goes to electron transport

CO2 diffuses out of mitochondria

Acetyl enters Krebs cycle

Front 37

Eukaryotic Autotrophs

Back 37

Contain chlorophyll within organelles called chloroplasts (green)

Front 38

Plant Parts

Back 38

Leaves - factory

Transpiration - cooling and transport

Stomata - gate keepers

Front 39

Photosynthesis

Back 39

Converts light energy into chemical bonds of glucose

Front 40

Energy in Cel R captured by two processes

Back 40

Direct -> phosphate + ADP = Atp

Produces 4 AtP per glucose

Indirect -> a series of redox reactions with O final acceptor

Front 41

Mitochondria

Back 41

Makes large amount of Atp

Front 42

Pyruvate Oxidation

Back 42

1. Get Pyruvate from glycolysis

2. CO2 removed

3. Redox Rxn with NADH

4. Used in Krebs cycle

Front 43

Where does Acetyl Co A go?

Back 43

NADH goes to electron transport

CO2 diffuses out of mitochondria

Acetyl enters Krebs cycle

Front 44

Eukaryotic Autotrophs

Back 44

Contain chlorophyll within organelles called chloroplasts (green)

Front 45

Plant Parts

Back 45

Leaves - factory

Transpiration - cooling and transport

Stomata - gate keepers

Front 46

Photosynthesis

Back 46

Converts light energy into chemical bonds of glucose

Front 47

Light Dependent

Back 47

Chlorophyll captured light and uses it to break down water to create AtP and Nadph

Front 48

Light Independent

Back 48

CO2 is added to H Iona forming glucose

Front 49

Pigments

Back 49

Absorbs a particular wavelength of light

Embedded in membranes of chloroplasts

Front 50

Pigments

Back 50

Absorbs a particular wavelength of light

Embedded in membranes of chloroplasts

Front 51

PhotoExcitation

Back 51

Transfer energy from pigment until it reaches a chlorophyll which creates higher potential energy

Front 52

Pigments

Back 52

Absorbs a particular wavelength of light

Embedded in membranes of chloroplasts

Front 53

PhotoExcitation

Back 53

Transfer energy from pigment until it reaches a chlorophyll which creates higher potential energy

Front 54

Photosystems

Back 54

Absorb photons at certain wavelengths

Front 55

Pigments

Back 55

Absorbs a particular wavelength of light

Embedded in membranes of chloroplasts

Front 56

PhotoExcitation

Back 56

Transfer energy from pigment until it reaches a chlorophyll which creates higher potential energy

Front 57

Photosystems

Back 57

Absorb photons at certain wavelengths

Front 58

G3P

Back 58

Primary end product of photosynthesis

Can be turned into glucose and polymerized into starch

Front 59

C4

Back 59

Hot dry environments

Reduces amount of photorespiration by pumping CO2

Front 60

C4

Back 60

Hot dry environments

Reduces amount of photorespiration by pumping CO2

Front 61

Cam Plants

Back 61

Plants in dry desert environments

At night stomata opens and takes in CO2 and closes during the day will the Calvin cycle occurs