Bio Unit 2 Ch 3

Front 1

How can a relatively small number of chemicals be used to build many large complex and diverse molecules?

Back 1

A

Front 2

Why can one organism use molecules from another organism to build their own?

Back 2

B

Front 3

How are organic molecules combined to create the structures and functions necessary to support life?

Back 3

C

Front 4

Explain how the properties of carbon enable it to produce diverse organic molecules.

Back 4

Carbon has 4 electrons on it's outer shell so it easily bonds with other CHNOPS to form a stronger shell meanwhile creating new stronger molecules.

Front 5

Describe how functional groups affect a carbon molecule's chemical reactivity.

Back 5

E

Front 6

Compare what is added and what is produced during biomolecule synthesis and degradation reations.

Back 6

In synthesis molecules join together to make a larger molecule, meanwhile dropping a small molecule, condensation reaction.

Degradation reaction is breaking up of a large molecule when water is added, hydrolysis

Front 7

Compare solubility in water of a 2-carbon alcohol and a 2-carbon carboxylic acid biomolecule

Back 7

H

Front 8

Discuss what would happen if no water was present during degradation of a biomolecule

Back 8

The molecule could not break

Front 9

List several examples of important monosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Back 9

monosaccarides: Glucose-simple sugar
polysaccharides: Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Front 10

Compare the energy and structural uses of starch, glycogen and cellulose

Back 10

Starches: Store glucose in plants. Branched or unbranched .
Glycogen: Stores glucose for animals in liver that can be mobilized by pancreatic hormone insulin. Always branching
Cellulose: Most abundant. Not easily broken down, every other glucose molecule is flipped allowing for more hydrogen bonds strengthening it.

Front 11

Explain why humans cannot utilize the glucose in cellulose as a nutrient source.

Back 11

Human cannot break down the glucose bonds in cellulose. Most animals use symbiotic bacteria to help digest cellulose

Front 12

Compare and contrast the structure and function of cellulose with chitin

Back 12

Cellulose are in plants' cell wall; chitin make up the exoskeletons of crustaceans.
Cellulose has a monomer of glucose; chitin has an amino acid group attached to each glucose

Front 13

Describe why lipids are essential to living organisms

Back 13

xxx

Front 14

Explain where fats and oils are produced

Back 14

xxx

Front 15

Contrast the structures of fats, phospholipids and steroids.

Back 15

xxx

Front 16

Compare the functions of phospholipids and steroids in cells.

Back 16

phospholipids: Plasma membranes that hold cytoplasm in the cells

Front 17

Evaluate why lipids and water do not mix

Back 17

Lipids are hydrogen bonded only to carbon and therefore are nonpolar and are not soluable in water.

Front 18

Contrast a saturated fatty acid with an unsaturated fatty acid. Which of these is perferred in the diet and why?

Back 18

Saturated has no double bonds with carbon and can hold many hydrogen , sticky and solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fatty acids are double bonded with carbon chains so have less room for hydrogen bonded atoms. Do not stick together well and are liquid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats are better to consume because they do not stick to one another.

Front 19

Explain why phospholipids form a bilayer in water.

Back 19

Phospholipids are water attractive on one side and non attractive on the other forming a bilayer.

Front 20

Describe functions of proteins in cells

Back 20

proteins give cells their structure and function

Front 21

Explain how a polypeptide is constructed from amino acids

Back 21

two or more amino acids are covelently bonded to each other forming a peptide. When these bond to each other they form a chain, polypeptides.

Front 22

Compare the 4 levels of protein structure

Back 22

xxx

Front 23

Analyze the factors that affect protein structure and function

Back 23

xxxx

Front 24

Explain where the information that specifies amino acid sequence in a polypeptide comes from

Back 24

Messanger RNA creates a copy showing the sequence of the amino acids during protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA moves them into sequence.
Ribosomal keeps the peptide bonds in place.

Front 25

Examine which types of amino acids are most likely to be found in the interior of a protein and why

Back 25

hydrophobic amino acids are usually found in the interior of a protein as they are repelled from the water on the surface of the protein.

Front 26

Evaluate which factors are most important to protein folding.

Back 26

Water is most important as it pushes and pulls the protein into it's shape and holds it there.

Front 27

Distinguish between a nucleotide and nucleic acid

Back 27

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotides.

Front 28

Compare the structure and function of DNA and RNA nucleic acids.

Back 28

xxx

Front 29

Examine why purines and pyrimidines pair together.

Back 29

xxx

Front 30

Explain how ATP is able to store energy.

Back 30

xxx

Front 31

Examine how a nucleic acid stores information

Back 31

xxx

Front 32

Describe the 3 components of a nucleotide

Back 32

xxx

Front 33

Evaluate the properties of ATP that make it an ideal carrier of energy.

Back 33

xxx