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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution (definition) |
Changes in the genetic structure of a population |
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when did life first appear? |
3.7 million years ago |
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Natural selection |
a species becomes more adapted to its surroundings over time |
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what does water being a "polar" molecule mean? |
it has different electrical properties on opposite ends; specifically, it has two partial positive charges in association with the two H-atoms, and two partial negative charges associated with the oxygen atom. |
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Due to ______ water has a high surface tension, what is surface tension? |
Cohesion Surface tension is the resistance to disruption at the surface. |
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talk about water's high specific heat |
it takes large amounts of energy to raise the temperature of water, it stores heat more efficiently. |
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water's high heat of vaporization |
water is relatively resistant to phase changes. (It takes a relatively large amount of energy to break all of the H-bonds in water to produce water vapor or steam.) |
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water is an excellent solvent |
it does a good job at dissolving many compounds |
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what is hydrophilic |
compounds that dissolve well in water |
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what is hydrophobic |
compounds that do not dissolve in water |
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amphipathic |
both the characteristics of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule. one side with a charge and the other lacking charge |
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inorganic compound |
does not contain CO2 |
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organic compound |
contains CO2, essential to existence. |
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what makes carbon so fundamental on earth? |
Carbon has four valence electrons, meaning each carbon atom can create bonds with up to four other atoms including carbon. |
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What kind of bonds can carbon make? |
single, double, triple |
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macromolecule |
large organic compound |
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anabolism, what is it, how is it done? name? |
process of joining monomers to become polymers. This is done by removing an H2O molecule Condensation |
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catabolism what is it, how is it done? name? |
separation of polymers to create monomers, done by adding an H2O molecule. Hydrolisis |
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Basic Carbohydrate formula |
C(H2O)n |
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three roles of Carbohydrates |
Energy storage, structural molecules, and information storage in nucleic acids. |
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monosaccharide |
basic monomer component of carbohydrate |
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usual suffix used for carbohydrates |
-ose |
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Disaccharide |
sugar formed by a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides example: Sucrose = Glucose+Fructose |
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Polysaccharide |
can consist of sever thousand monomers of simple sugars. |
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glycogen |
sugar that animals store in their livers |
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cellulose |
polymer of glucose used in the structure of plant cell walls. It is the most abundant polymer on the planet. In humans known as "fiber" |
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chitin |
used in fungi and crabs for structural purposes |
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Why are lipids grouped together? |
because they are all hydrophobic and are not polymers. |
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Three main functions of Lipids |
Energy storage (fats) Main structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol) Hormone and signaling models (estrogen and testosterone) |
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Triacylglycerols, how are thy formed? |
Dietary fats found in Lipids Formed when three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule join via condensation synthesis |
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Phospholipids |
Lipids which is an important component of cell membrane |
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Steroids |
cholesterol, estrogen and testosterone |
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Saturated Fats |
do not have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains . Contain straight chains that are organized more tightly. Solid at room temperature |
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Unsaturated Fats |
contains double bonds monounsaturated-one bond polyunsaturated-more than one bond kinks in the chains liquid at room temperature |
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hydrogenation |
A process in which a liquid unsaturated fat can be converted to a solid saturated fat |
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phospholipids |
amphipathic molecules that have only two fatty acid molecules, and a glycerol joined to a phosphate group |
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steroids |
characterized by a four ringed structure. including cholesterol and estrogen. |
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main biological functions of proteins |
structural and mechanical roles (actin myosin) roles as enzymes (digestion) |
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basic monomer of proteins |
amino acids |
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polypeptides |
polymer of amino acids |
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RNA and DNA belong to the group of |
Nucleic Acids |
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Nitrogenous bases |
ringed structures consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen |
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How old is the universe |
13.7 billion years |
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How old is our solar system |
4.66 million years |
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What was early earth's atmosphere made up of? |
methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water vapor, and a negligible amount of free oxygen |
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What does oxidizing a substance mean? |
electrons are removed |
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Geological time scale |
a classification of different periods in Earth’s history |
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Four great areas of the geological time scale |
Precambrian (oldest) Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic |
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what current era are we in? |
Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era |
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best source of fossils? |
sedimentary rocks |
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relative dating |
the process of analyzing layers of sedimentary rock to date back to different eras of history. |
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Absolute dating |
A variety of methods are used to estimate a fossil's age in years includes Dendrochronology, radiometric dating, |
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radiometric dating or carbon-14 dating |
technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its decay products |
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Dendrochronology |
the technique of absolute dating where the rings of tree trunks are analyzed. a new ring forms each year and can predict weather patterns due to its width. A tree ring from a dry year will be more narrow |
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what three major groups are life separated into? |
Bacteria, Archaea(prokaryotes), and Eukarya |
