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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bryophytes
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Mosses
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Pteridophytes
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Ferns
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Gymnosperms
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Conifers...Pine...Red Wood
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Angiosperms
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Flowering plants
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Intgument
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Seed coat post fertilization
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Advantages of Seed
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Protection, Food, Spread easier.
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Cones contain?
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Sporangia and spores
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What do Sepals do?
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Protect the flower in the bud
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Stamens
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Male part of flowering plant. makes pollen
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Carpels
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Female part to flowering plant.
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Double fertilization occurs in?
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Flowering plants
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What does double fertilization make?
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It makes the zygote and the fruity tissue around the seed.
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Monocot characteristics?
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1 cotyledon
Parallel leaf venation Leaves are in multiples of 3 1 pollen pore Stem has no pith Roots are fibrous |
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Dicot characteristics?
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2 Cotyledons
Net Leaf venation Leaves are in multiples of 4 & 5 3 pollen pores Stem had a pith Roots contain a tap root. |
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Fungi are more animal or plant like?
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Animal
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Fungi eat by?
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Secreting enzymes and are mostly decomposers
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The Hyphae is?
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Where fungi grow out and eat food.
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What is the Haustiria of fungal organisms?
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Its a modified hyphae where it extracts/exchanges nutrients
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What does Ceoenocytic mean?
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Means Multi-nucleus
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Fungi reproduce by?
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Sexual and/or asexual reproduction.
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Explain fungal sexual reproduction?
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Hyphae secrete sexual pheromones. Then two Hyphae fuse and exchange Nuclei. That combines and makes a zygote.
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Explain fungal asexual reproduction?
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Spores are produced by mitosis.
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What is a Mycelium?
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It is a name for fungus
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Chytrids are?
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Most simple fungi. live in lakes and have flagellated spores.
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What are Zygomycetes?
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Fungi. Fast growing molds. Like on Bead. They are resistant to environmental extremes.
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What are Glomeromycetes?
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Fungi which are mutualistic with plants. Help with the root system.
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What are Ascomycetes?
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Sac fungi. Cup shaped
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What are Basidiomycetes?
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Club Fungi. Look like normal mushroom.
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Describe Lichen?
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Mutualistic with fungus and green algae. More or less live off of the green algae.
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Foliose means?
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Leaf like
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Fruticose means?
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Fruit like
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Crustose means?
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Crusty. Live on rocks
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Describe animal embryo development
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Haploid gametes-->Diploid zygote-->Cell division makes Blastula---> Embryo-->gastrula becomes digestive tract.
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Asymmetry
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no mirror images
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Radial
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multiple planes for mirror image
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Ectoderm
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Outer covering
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Endoderm
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Digestive tract
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Mesoderm
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Muscles
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Diploblastic
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Two germ (skin) layers
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Triploblastic
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3 skin (skin) layers
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Coelom
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Body cavities.
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Acoelomates
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no body cavity
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Pseudocoelomates
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Cavity but no epithelium
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Coclomates
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Cavity lined with epithelium
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Protostome development
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Mouth develops from the blastopore.
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Deuterostome development
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Anus developed from the blastopore.
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Porifera
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Sponges
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Sponges are?
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Filter feeders, and lack true tissue.
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Spong's cavity called?
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Spongocoel
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Opening to spong called
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Osculum
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Choanocytes are?
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Collar cells of a sponge. Help make current so water flows through it.
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Amoebocytes are?
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Sponge cells that digest food. Also help with structure
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Cnidaria are?
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Jellies
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Eumetazoans are?
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True tissue of jellies
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nematocysts are?
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harpoon stingers of jellies.
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The polyp of the cnidaria are?
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The Hydras
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The medusa of a Cnidaria is?
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Jellyfish
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Lophotrochozoa are?
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Flat worms, rotifers, mollusks, and segmented worms.
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Platyhelminthes are?
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Flatworms.
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Flat worms are?
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Aquatic, parasitic, only one opening. Thin bodied.
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Rotifera are?
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Rotifers.
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Rotifers are?
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Microscopic, Aquatic, damp earth, and have a complete digestive tract.
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Molluscs are?
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Soft bodied with a shell. They are Coelomates.
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What are the three parts of a molluscs?
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Foot, visceral mass (organs) and mantle cover (shell)
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Gastropods are?
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Snails
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Bivalves are?
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Clams
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Cephalopods are?
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Octopuses, squid, and Nautilus
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Annelida are?
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Segmented worms.
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Annelida's characteristics are?
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Coelomates, have bristles made of chitin. And are predators or parasites.
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Ecdysozoa are?
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Round worms and Insects.
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Nematoda are?
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Round worms
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Arthropoda are?
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Insects and spiders
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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Grasshoppers. They just get bigger in a way.
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Complete metamorphosis
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Butterfly
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Echinodermata are?
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Sea stars, urchins. Similar to vertebrates but not quite there
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Chordata
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Chordates and not all vertebrates.
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Lancelets
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Ancestral Chordates. Filter feeders.
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Craniates
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Chordates. Have a skull area. Example is Hagfish. No Jaw
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Vertebrates
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Have a spine
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Lampreys
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No Jaw but has a spine.
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Gnathostomes
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Have jaws with a hinged. Came from gill slits.
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Cartilaginous fish
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Sharks, rays.
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Bony Fish-
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Ray and lobed finned. Normal fish.
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Ray finned fish
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Normal fish
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Lobe finned fish
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Thick fins, could be form made for walking.
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Coelacanths
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Living fossil fish.
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Tetrapods
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Land living
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Amniotes
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Have hard shell eggs.
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Amnion is the?
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Goo that protects the embryo.
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Archaeopteryx
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First bird.
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Hair roots
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Very small and are where absorption of water and food happens.
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Node is?
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The point of leaf attachment
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Internode is the?
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region between nodes.
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Axillary buds are?
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Little things that produce new branch. Next to grown leaf or branch.
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Petiole are the?
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Stem of the leaf.
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Dermal layer
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Outer layer
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Ground tissue
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Middle tissue of plant
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Vascular tissue
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Center tissue of plant
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Parenchyma cells are?
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Thin and flexible. And are alive
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Collenchyma cells are?
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Unevenly thick and alive.
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Sclerenchyma cells are?
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Thick secondary cell wall. Rigid and normally dead.
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Xylem is the?
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Water conducting tissue.
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Vessel elements are?
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Stacked cells for water flow
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Tracheids are?
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Ancestral cell that overlap for water flow
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Phloem is the?
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Cells that move sugar
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Sieve-tube elements?
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Stacked cells with no nucleus and cytoplasm.
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Companion cells are?
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Cells with cytoplasm and nucleus support the Sieve-tube cells.
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Apical meristems allow for?
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Growth of roots and leaves.
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What are the three zones for root growth?
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Cell division, cell elongation, and differentiation.
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Root cap
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Cover apical meristems and protect the cells as they grow through the dirt.
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Cortex used for?
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Storage of food.
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Endodermis of plants is for?
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Lateral transport
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Pericycle are?
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Where roots grow out new shoots.
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Xylem and phloem are?
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Vascular tissue.
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Stomata is?
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Where leaves have pores that allow for gas exchange.
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Mesophyll is the?
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Middle part of the leaf.
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Palisade layer of the leaf is?
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Densely packed and absorbs light.
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Spongy layer of the leaf is?
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Loosely packed and allows for gas exchange.
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Secondary growth is?
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When a woody plant grows outward.
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Lateral meristems cause?
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Secondary growth.
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Vascular cambium is?
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Between the xylem and phloem and divides to make secondary xylem and phloem.
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Cork cambium is?
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Activated in the cortex and makes the outer bark
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