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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what environment allows neurons to move freely?
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isotopes
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___ tonic gains water
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hypotonic
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hydrogen bonds
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hydrogen atom bonded to big electronegative atom
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biggest organelle in cell?
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nucleous
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unwound DNA
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Chromotin
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tightly coiled DNA
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Chromosomes
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____tonic lose water
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hypertonic
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what structure is within the nucleus?
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nucleoli
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lysosome function
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stomach of cell; they digest food
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rough ER are
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ribosones (proteins)
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smooth ER function
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synthesizes lipids ((( STEROIDS))) & detoxify body of poison
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3 types of reactions
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1. synthesis
2. exchange 3. composition |
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Eukaryote contains?
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cell organelles
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prokaryotic contain?
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ribosomes NOT organelles but carry out same function
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2 types of organelles
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1. nucleus
2. ribosomes |
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what is the nucleus?
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contains DNA that controls metabolic functions & structural characteristics
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nucleus contains what 4 things?
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1.chromatin
2. nuclear pores 3. nucleolus 4. nuclear envelope |
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what is chromatin? & what is it made up of?
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condenses down to form chromosomes;;;
it is made up of DNA & proteins |
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what is located in the nucleolus?
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RNA production
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what are the 3 functions of the nuclear envelope?
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1.maintain shape of nucleus 2.provide chromatin attachment sites
3. funnel substances into/away from nuclear pores |
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what are ribosomes?
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site of protein synthesis
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several ribosomes making protein are called?
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polyribosomes
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ER stands for?
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endoplasmic reticulum
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what is the function of Golgi apparatus?
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modifies, processes & packages ((( cells UPS)))))
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what is the valuole?
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membrane enclosed sack used for storage OR transit
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digestive vacuoles are called?
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lysosomes
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_____ may have developed from endcytosis
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energy organelles
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what is the structure of Mitochondria?
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1. double membrane;
2. inner membrane folded into Cristae 3. inner space filled with Matrix |
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what are 2 functions of mitochondria?
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1. make ATP
2. give off heat as secondary product |
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what is the structure of Chloroplasts
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1. double membrane; inside
2. flat membrane discs contains thylakoids 2. stroma |
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what is Stroma in chloroplasts?
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fluid filled space
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thykaloids in chloroplasts stack into?
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grana
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name the 2 energy organelles in cells
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1. mitochondria
2. chloroplasts |
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name a function of rough ER
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make more membrane
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Name the cell::
Converts chemical energy of foods into chemical energy of the molecule |
Mitochondria
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inside the chloroplast;
the network of interconnected sacs are called? |
thylakoids
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what is is cytoskeleton & what is the function?
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network of protein fibers thru out cytoplasm;;;
function as structural support & cell mobility |
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what do cristae help mitochondria do?
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increase membrane size; enhance ability to make ATP
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what 3 fibers make up cytoskeleton?
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1. microfilaments AKA actin filaments (smallest)
2 intermediate filaments 3.. microtubules (largest) |
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What is the function of microfilaments AKA actin filaments?
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rods made of actin &form 3D network inside to give shape
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make DNA from DNA is called?
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replication
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make DNA from RNA called?
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transcription
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make RNA from protein called?
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translation
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if a nucleic acid is in presence of base (OH) then it is?
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ribose;;;
---RNA |
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if a nucleic acid is in presence of acid (H)
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deOXYribose (( missing oxygen))))
---DNA |
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if phosphate group attaches to nucleic acid what property does it give it?
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polar; positive & Negative
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_____ is believed to be related to basal bodies that anchor flagellum & cilia into cell membrane
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centriole
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what is the function of centriole?
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assist in microtubule during cell (division) reproduction
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what do nuclear pores contain & what is the function?
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series of channel proteins & Modify things coming thru the
IE/ RNA |
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what is ER attached to?
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nucleus
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2 types of membrane & what is the function
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1. vesicle- transports things to cell
2. vacuole- store things in cell |
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what cell swells up twice size & breaks off becoming 2
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mitochondria
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what forms fluid mosaic model of cell membrane?
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phospholipids & proteins
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what is the function of basil body?
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anchor the flagella & cilia in membrane
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what happens when a bilayer is formed?
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polar heads (hydrophillic) on outside & hydrophobic tails on inside
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what substances are found in plasma membrane?
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carbs & cholesterol
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___ carry out enzymatic function by forming channels & help molecules across the membrane
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proteins
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passive transport
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movement across membrane without use of energy
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what are examples of passive transport?
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diffusion, osmosis, filtration, facilitated diffusion
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gap junctions do what?
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communicate btwn cells
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what does filtration do?
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filter (((think coffee filter))
allows some things to enter |
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what is facilitated diffusion?
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2 molecules want to cross. the 1 that can helps the 1 that cant
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endottosis & exocytosis are examples of?
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active transport
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what is energy
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capacity to do work & put matter in MOTION
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what are the 2 types of energy & what do they do
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-kinetic=put in action
-potential=store it |
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1.chemical energy is stored in ____
2 electrical energy refers to the movement of ______ 3. mechanical energy refers to ____ 4. Radiant energy travels in ___ |
1 bonds of chemicals
2 charged particles 3 energy involved moving matter 4 lin waves; Electromagnetic spectrum I.E light, radio waves, xray |
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TRUE OF FALSE
transferring energy, some energy is lost as HEAT. |
true
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entrophy measures
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increase in heat
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what forms ATP
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RNA + adenine + 2 phosphates
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what are enzymes?
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substances that regulate & SPEED rate of biochemical reactions
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enzymes have 2 parts:
1. Apoenzyme 2. Cofactor OR coenzyme whats inside of each |
1. Apoenzyme= protein
2. Cofactor =metal OR coenzyme=vitamin |
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what are substrates ((((think puzzle pieces)))))
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molecules fit into enzyme active site
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the entry of substrate alter the shape of enzymes. what is this called?
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induced fit
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