Bio Test Part 2

Front 1

what environment allows neurons to move freely?

Back 1

isotopes

Front 2

___ tonic gains water

Back 2

hypotonic

Front 3

hydrogen bonds

Back 3

hydrogen atom bonded to big electronegative atom

Front 4

biggest organelle in cell?

Back 4

nucleous

Front 5

unwound DNA

Back 5

Chromotin

Front 6

tightly coiled DNA

Back 6

Chromosomes

Front 7

____tonic lose water

Back 7

hypertonic

Front 8

what structure is within the nucleus?

Back 8

nucleoli

Front 9

lysosome function

Back 9

stomach of cell; they digest food

Front 10

rough ER are

Back 10

ribosones (proteins)

Front 11

smooth ER function

Back 11

synthesizes lipids ((( STEROIDS))) & detoxify body of poison

Front 12

3 types of reactions

Back 12

1. synthesis
2. exchange
3. composition

Front 13

Eukaryote contains?

Back 13

cell organelles

Front 14

prokaryotic contain?

Back 14

ribosomes NOT organelles but carry out same function

Front 15

2 types of organelles

Back 15

1. nucleus
2. ribosomes

Front 16

what is the nucleus?

Back 16

contains DNA that controls metabolic functions & structural characteristics

Front 17

nucleus contains what 4 things?

Back 17

1.chromatin
2. nuclear pores
3. nucleolus
4. nuclear envelope

Front 18

what is chromatin? & what is it made up of?

Back 18

condenses down to form chromosomes;;;

it is made up of DNA & proteins

Front 19

what is located in the nucleolus?

Back 19

RNA production

Front 20

what are the 3 functions of the nuclear envelope?

Back 20

1.maintain shape of nucleus 2.provide chromatin attachment sites
3. funnel substances into/away from nuclear pores

Front 21

what are ribosomes?

Back 21

site of protein synthesis

Front 22

several ribosomes making protein are called?

Back 22

polyribosomes

Front 23

ER stands for?

Back 23

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 24

what is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Back 24

modifies, processes & packages ((( cells UPS)))))

Front 25

what is the valuole?

Back 25

membrane enclosed sack used for storage OR transit

Front 26

digestive vacuoles are called?

Back 26

lysosomes

Front 27

_____ may have developed from endcytosis

Back 27

energy organelles

Front 28

what is the structure of Mitochondria?

Back 28

1. double membrane;
2. inner membrane folded into Cristae
3. inner space filled with Matrix

Front 29

what are 2 functions of mitochondria?

Back 29

1. make ATP
2. give off heat as secondary product

Front 30

what is the structure of Chloroplasts

Back 30

1. double membrane; inside
2. flat membrane discs contains thylakoids
2. stroma

Front 31

what is Stroma in chloroplasts?

Back 31

fluid filled space

Front 32

thykaloids in chloroplasts stack into?

Back 32

grana

Front 33

name the 2 energy organelles in cells

Back 33

1. mitochondria
2. chloroplasts

Front 34

name a function of rough ER

Back 34

make more membrane

Front 35

Name the cell::

Converts chemical energy of foods into chemical energy of the molecule

Back 35

Mitochondria

Front 36

inside the chloroplast;

the network of interconnected sacs are called?

Back 36

thylakoids

Front 37

what is is cytoskeleton & what is the function?

Back 37

network of protein fibers thru out cytoplasm;;;

function as structural support & cell mobility

Front 38

what do cristae help mitochondria do?

Back 38

increase membrane size; enhance ability to make ATP

Front 39

what 3 fibers make up cytoskeleton?

Back 39

1. microfilaments AKA actin filaments (smallest)
2 intermediate filaments
3.. microtubules (largest)

Front 40

What is the function of microfilaments AKA actin filaments?

Back 40

rods made of actin &form 3D network inside to give shape

Front 41

make DNA from DNA is called?

Back 41

replication

Front 42

make DNA from RNA called?

Back 42

transcription

Front 43

make RNA from protein called?

Back 43

translation

Front 44

if a nucleic acid is in presence of base (OH) then it is?

Back 44

ribose;;;

---RNA

Front 45

if a nucleic acid is in presence of acid (H)

Back 45

deOXYribose (( missing oxygen))))


---DNA

Front 46

if phosphate group attaches to nucleic acid what property does it give it?

Back 46

polar; positive & Negative

Front 47

_____ is believed to be related to basal bodies that anchor flagellum & cilia into cell membrane

Back 47

centriole

Front 48

what is the function of centriole?

Back 48

assist in microtubule during cell (division) reproduction

Front 49

what do nuclear pores contain & what is the function?

Back 49

series of channel proteins & Modify things coming thru the

IE/ RNA

Front 50

what is ER attached to?

Back 50

nucleus

Front 51

2 types of membrane & what is the function

Back 51

1. vesicle- transports things to cell
2. vacuole- store things in cell

Front 52

what cell swells up twice size & breaks off becoming 2

Back 52

mitochondria

Front 53

what forms fluid mosaic model of cell membrane?

Back 53

phospholipids & proteins

Front 54

what is the function of basil body?

Back 54

anchor the flagella & cilia in membrane

Front 55

what happens when a bilayer is formed?

Back 55

polar heads (hydrophillic) on outside & hydrophobic tails on inside

Front 56

what substances are found in plasma membrane?

Back 56

carbs & cholesterol

Front 57

___ carry out enzymatic function by forming channels & help molecules across the membrane

Back 57

proteins

Front 58

passive transport

Back 58

movement across membrane without use of energy

Front 59

what are examples of passive transport?

Back 59

diffusion, osmosis, filtration, facilitated diffusion

Front 60

gap junctions do what?

Back 60

communicate btwn cells

Front 61

what does filtration do?

Back 61

filter (((think coffee filter))

allows some things to enter

Front 62

what is facilitated diffusion?

Back 62

2 molecules want to cross. the 1 that can helps the 1 that cant

Front 63

endottosis & exocytosis are examples of?

Back 63

active transport

Front 64

what is energy

Back 64

capacity to do work & put matter in MOTION

Front 65

what are the 2 types of energy & what do they do

Back 65

-kinetic=put in action
-potential=store it

Front 66

1.chemical energy is stored in ____
2 electrical energy refers to the movement of ______
3. mechanical energy refers to ____
4. Radiant energy travels in ___

Back 66

1 bonds of chemicals
2 charged particles
3 energy involved moving matter
4 lin waves; Electromagnetic spectrum I.E light, radio waves, xray

Front 67

TRUE OF FALSE

transferring energy, some energy is lost as HEAT.

Back 67

true

Front 68

entrophy measures

Back 68

increase in heat

Front 69

what forms ATP

Back 69

RNA + adenine + 2 phosphates

Front 70

what are enzymes?

Back 70

substances that regulate & SPEED rate of biochemical reactions

Front 71

enzymes have 2 parts:

1. Apoenzyme
2. Cofactor OR coenzyme

whats inside of each

Back 71

1. Apoenzyme= protein
2. Cofactor =metal
OR coenzyme=vitamin

Front 72

what are substrates ((((think puzzle pieces)))))

Back 72

molecules fit into enzyme active site

Front 73

the entry of substrate alter the shape of enzymes. what is this called?

Back 73

induced fit