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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autotrophs
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organisms such as plants that make their own food
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heterotrophs
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organisms like animals that obtain energy from the foods they consume
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adenosine triphosphate ATP
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principal chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy, consists of adenine,ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
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photosynthesis
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process in which plants use enery of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-enery carbohydrates(sugars and starches) and oxygen(waste)
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pigments
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light absorbing molecules
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chlorophyll
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prinicpal pigment
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thylakoids
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saclike photosynthetic membranes in a chloroplast
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photostems
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proteins in the thlakoid membrane which organize pigments into clusters
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stroma
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the region outside the tylakoid membranes
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NADP+
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carrier molecule which accepts and golds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion. This converts the NADPH+ into NADPH
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light dependant reactions
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reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
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ATP synthase
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protein that spans the membrane and aloows H+ ions to pass through it
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calvin cycle
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reactions in photosynthesis in which ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
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where does energy for living things come from?
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food, plants and some other organisms make light energy from the sun in order to produce food
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what is energy?
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the ability to do work
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how does this work? give example.
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energy is released in sugar and other compounds. the suns gives energy to plants, cows eat the plains and recieve energy, humans eat cows and recieve energy
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what are 4 forms of energy
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light, heat, electricity,chemical compounds(stored)
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ADP vs ATP
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ADP has 2 phosphates and has a partially charged battery, ATP has 3 phospates and has a fully charged battery
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What is Van Helmont's experiment and conclusion?when did it take place?
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1643 Do plants take away from the soil they are planted in, mass of plant increased, mass of soil stayed the same, therefore the increase in mass came from H2O
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What is Joseph Priesly's experiment and conclusion? when did it take place?
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1771 what is needed in the air in order for a candle to stay lit, a live plant in a jar will relight a candle and releasesubstance needed to keep the candle lit (oxygen)
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What is Jan Ingenhousz's experiment? When did it take place?
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1779 showed that light must be present for oxygen to be produced
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what is the chemical formula?
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6COtwo+6HtwoO arrowCsixHtwelveOsix+6Otwo
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what does photosynthesis require?
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light and chlorophyll
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how do people see wavelengths?
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as colors, we see the color that is being reflected
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What about Chlorophyll A
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absorbs light from blue to violet, red regions
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What about Chlorophyll B
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absorbs most light from blue and red regions
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what makes plants appear green?
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plants don't absord green wavelengths so the color green is reflected by the leaves
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where is energy directly transferred?
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to electrons in molecules of chlorophyll
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what helps make phosynthesis work?
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high energy in electrons
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2 parts of photosystems
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light dependant reactions which take place in the thylakoid membranes and light independant reactions which takes place in the storma
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what is a carrier molecule?
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compound that can accept a pair of high-energy electrons and transfer them w/ their high energy to another molecule
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3 jobs of NADP
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holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion, carries high enery electrons from light absorption in chylorophyll to chemical reactions elsewhere, used to build molecules the cell needs carbohydrates
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light dependant reactions
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converts ADP to ATP and NADP to NADPH, produces O2
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