Bio Test Chapter 2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

is anything that takes up space and has mass

Front 2

element

Back 2

is a subtances that cannot be broken down to other subtances by chemical reactions.

Front 3

92

Back 3

Natural occurring elements

Front 4

25

Back 4

essential for life

Front 5

4

Back 5

Elements that make up 96% of living matter...CHON

Front 6

7

Back 6

elements that make up about 4% of human body weight

Front 7

Trace elements

Back 7

Are those required by an organism in minute quantanties

Front 8

Compound

Back 8

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

Front 9

Atom

Back 9

Is the smallest whole unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.

Front 10

Atomic symbol

Back 10

Written as a subscript or as a "Label" of the element.

Front 11

Atomic number

Back 11

Number of protons in nucleus

Front 12

Atomic Mass

Back 12

Number of protons + nuetrons

Front 13

Protons

Back 13

Atomic Nucleus; Positive charge

Front 14

Neutrons

Back 14

Atomic Nucleus; No electrical charge

Front 15

Electrons

Back 15

Travels in orbitals around atomic nucleus; Negative

Front 16

Groups

Back 16

Vertical columns; have similar chemical characteristics in common; All atoms will have the same number of electrons in the outermost electron shell.

Front 17

Periods

Back 17

Horizontal rows; Determines number of electron shells.

Front 18

Isotopes

Back 18

Atoms of the same element that differ in nuetrons

Front 19

Radioactive isotope

Back 19

Unstable, nucleus decays, releases energy in the form of rays and subatomic particles in which can be detected

Front 20

Low levels of Radiation

Back 20

Useful in medicine as tracers; used to determine biochemical pathways such as photosynthesis

Front 21

High levels of radiation

Back 21

Useful for sterilization of medical tools, destroy cancer cells, kill pathogens; Potential to harm and cause cancer if exposed to high levels.

Front 22

Balanced Atom

Back 22

The number of protons will equal the number of electrons.

Front 23

1st Shell

Back 23

Two electrons

Front 24

2nd Shell

Back 24

Eight Electrons

Front 25

3rd Shell

Back 25

Eight Electrons

Front 26

Valence Shell

Back 26

An electron's state of potential energy

Front 27

Chemical Behavior of an Atom

Back 27

Depends on the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

Front 28

Chemical Bond

Back 28

Interactions held together by attractions.

Front 29

Molecule

Back 29

Consist of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Front 30

electronegativity

Back 30

Is an atom attraction for the electrons in covalent bond

Front 31

Covalent Bonds

Back 31

Is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons between adjacent atoms.

Front 32

Non-polar covalent bonds

Back 32

Equal Sharing of electrons around the atoms in the molecule. o=o

Front 33

Polar Covalent Bonds

Back 33

Unequal sharing of electrons around the atoms in the molecule. H20

Front 34

Ionic Bond

Back 34

When opposite charges attract eachother

Front 35

Ion

Back 35

A charged atom; it has gained or lost an electrons.

Front 36

If an atoms looses an electron

Back 36

Positive Charge

Front 37

If an atom gains an electron

Back 37

Negative Charge

Front 38

Anion

Back 38

Gained an electron and has a negative charge

Front 39

Cation

Back 39

Lost an electron and has a positive charge.

Front 40

Weak Chemical Bonds

Back 40

Ionic (in water), hydrogen

Front 41

Hydrogen Bonds

Back 41

forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative is also attracted to another electronegative atom.

Front 42

Chemical Reactions

Back 42

Are the making and breaking of chemical bonds.

Front 43

Reactants

Back 43

Starting molocules

Front 44

Products

Back 44

Final Molecules