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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are genetics?
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The scientific study heredity
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What is "true-breeding"?
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If allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves
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What is a trait?
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A specific characteristic
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What are hybrids?
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The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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What did Mendel conclude from his experiments?
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That some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
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What are genes?
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The chemical factors that determine traits
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What are alleles?
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Different forms of a gene
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What is segregation?
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Separation
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What are gametes?
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The alleles in the F1 plants segregated from each other during the formation of sex cells
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When each F1 plant flowers and produces gametes the two alleles do what?
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Segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene. Therefore, each F1 plant produces 2 types of gametes
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What is probability?
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The likelihood that a particular event will occur
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What is a Punnett square?
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The gene combinations that might result from a cross can be determined by this
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What is homozygous/heterozygous?
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Organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait Heterozygous are organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait
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What is a phenotype/genotype?
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A phenotype is a physical characteristics, genotype is a genetic makeup
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If a father and a mother have 46 chromosomes how many will the child have?
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46
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What is a haploid and diploid?
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Types of gametes, haploid has 46 chromosomes, diploid has 23
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Who was Mendel and what did he do?
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Modern genetics, counted his data, figured out 7 different traits.
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What were Mendel's four principles?
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-Principle of Unit Characters=individuals pass information as individual traits
-Principle of Dominance= Some unit characters can mask the expression of others -Principle of Segregation=each unit character separates into a different sex cell -Principle of Independant Assortment= genes segregate according to chance |
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What do probabilities predict?
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Averages
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What is deletion and insection?
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Deletion occurs when some codons disappear, insection is when more appear
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