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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of microscopes? |
dissecting microscope and compound microscope |
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Which is a dissecting microscope? |
2 ocular lenses, larger, more advanced |
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Which is a compound microscope? |
1 ocular lense, rotating nosepiece, tradtional |
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How many parts of a microscope are there? |
13 parts (see diagram for labeling) |
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What is classification? |
The organization of species into groups based on their characteristics |
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What is taxonomy? |
the science of classification |
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How many species are described and how many are estimated on earth? |
Described: 2+ million species Estimated: 10 to 100+ million species |
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What are the 3 domains that all organisms are placed into? |
1.) Archaea 2.) Bacteria 3.) Eukaryota or Eukarya |
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Archaea |
Prokaryotes of extreme environments (no nucleus) |
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Bacteria |
Most of the known prokaryotes |
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Eukarya |
Eukaryotic cells (true nucleus) |
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What is each domain made up of? |
Kingdoms |
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How many kingdoms are there? |
6 |
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What are the 6 kingdoms? |
Eubacteria: the "normal" bacteria Archaebacteria: ("ancient" bacteria) the "extreme" bacteria Protista: algae, single celled critters, seaweeds (single & multi-celled and hetero & autotrophs) Fungi: mushrooms, mold, yeast, etc. Plantae: the plants Animalia: the animals (humans included) |
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Dear King Phillip Calls Out For Good Soup stands for? |
The Classification Hierarchy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Domain (broadest grouping) |
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Species |
a group of organisms which are able to produce fertile offspring (one type of organism) |
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What are the two parts of a scientific name? |
The genus and specific epithet (capitalized) (lowercase) |
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A scientific name, when written, can be either... |
italicized or underlined |
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The third word that is also italicized and comes after the genus and specific epithet is the... |
subspecies |
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Which of the 6 kingdoms are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes? |
Prokaryotes: Archaea and Eubacteria Eukaryotes: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
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What does a phylogenetic tree show? |
it shows how different organisms are related to eachother |
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What is Biodiversity? |
all of the interactions between all of the living species in a habitat (it is the relationships- feeding, competition, cooperation, parasitism, commensalism, etc.) |
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What is a biological community? |
all of the living species in an area |
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Why is biodiversity important? |
stability and resiliency of the ecosystem |
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What is an ecosystem? |
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment |
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What is an ecoregion? |
Contains many ecosystems and is more general (over a more widespread area) |
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Dichotomous Keys |
always split into branches of 2 |
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What are the two types of leaves? |
Simple and Compound |
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Simple Leaves |
Simple, Toothed, Palmate (radiates from center), and Lobed (refer to drawings) |
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Compound Leaves |
palmately compound and compound (pinnate) (pinnate means "like a feather") (refer to drawings) |
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What are the abiotic parts of the environment? |
all the non-living parts of an environment Ex: sand, buildings, water, wind, temp, pollution |
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What are the biotic parts of an environment? |
all the living parts of an environment Ex: animals, bacteria, fungi, grass |
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Habitat |
The characteristics of the type of environment where an organism normally lives (ex: stony stream, mixed grass prarie) The area where a critter lives is its habitat |
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What do biotic and abiotic factors determine? |
the survival and growth of an organism & the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives (Ex: temp and precipitation effect productivity) |
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Energy flow |
energy moves through the ecosystem |
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Nutrient cycling |
chemical elements (mattter) recycled in the ecosystem |
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Matter |
**can be recycled** (we have roughly the same matter that we've always had) |
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Energy |
**cannot be recycled** 1st law of thermodynamics: energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be converted in form 2nd law of thermodynamics: When energy changes form, some energy is always lost in the form of heat |
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Troph |
nutrition or feeding |
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Trophic levels |
the level at which you eat |
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Producers/Autotrophs (plants) |
plants are considered primary producers because they make their own food from inorganic molecules |
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Heterotrophs |
eats other things for food (includes carnivores herbivores, and omnivores) |
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Primary Consumer/herbivore |
first level consumers (eat autotrophs (plants)) Ex: rabbits, deer |
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Secondary Consumer |
1st level carnivore (eats meat) Ex: wolves, lion |
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Tertiary, Quaternary, etc. Consumers |
carnivores |
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Detritivores/ decomposers |
Heterotrophic organisms who ingest dead organic matter Ex: earthworms, woodlice, millipedes (tend to be bacteria or fungi) |
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What is a major source of energy for most living things we know about? |
the sun |
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What does the process of photosynthesis do? |
traps sunlight so it can be used by living things |
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Stomate |
pore in a leaf (shaped like a coffee bean) |
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Deffusion |
molocules moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (concentration is always higher outside the leaf) |
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CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
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H2O |
Water |
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C6H12O6 |
Glucose (sugar) |
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O2 |
Oxygen |
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What kind of process is evaporation? |
a cooling process |
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Transpiration (H2O(g)) |
cools the leaf/ keeps it from overheating "g" means gassius (water vapor) |
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Chromotography |
separtation of things (always out of a mixture) |
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polar solvent will dissolve... |
polar solutes |
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non-polar solvent will disolve |
non-polar solutes |
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Cells |
cannot create their own energy but are able to absorb energy from their surroundings |
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Photosynthetic cells |
aquire their energy in the form of light, which they use to make the organic compunds that provide energy to other cells |
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Where does photosynthesis take place? |
in the chloroplasts (cellular structure) (of Eukaryotic cells), mainly in the cells of the leaves (for most plants) |
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Chlorophyll |
the green pigment located in the chloroplasts |
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Why do leaves change color in Autumn? |
in the summer, chlorophyll is the most efficient, because it's hot and there's direct light. When it starts to get colder, and light is less direct, the trees break down the chlorophyll in their leaves and re-absorb those chemicals back into the tree (so they don't have to start from scratch next summer.) When you take away the green, it leaves the other pigments (yellows, oranges, reds & purples) which couldn't be seen before because there was SO much green that it covered up the other pigments. |
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How is glucose produced in a leaf? |
sunlight+6CO2+H2O---------> C6H12O6 sunlight enters the leaf carbon dioxide enters through the stomates water is brought in from xylum oxygen leaves the leaf as a waste product |
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6CO2 |
Carbon |
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Herbivore |
Heterotrophic organisms who eat primarily plant material Ex: turtle, koala, cow |
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Carnivore |
Heterotrophic organisms who eat other animals first level carnivores eat herbivores second level carnivores eat first level carnivores third level carnivores eat second level carnivores and so on... |
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Omnivore |
Heterotrophs, like us, that eat both producers (plants) and other consumers Ex: Bears, humans (the only kingdom we don't eat is archaea |
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Saprotrophs |
Heterotrophic organisms who secrete digestive enzymesonto dead organism matter and absorb the digested material (ex: fungi & bacteria) |
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Heterotroph specialists |
fruit eating: fructivores blood eating: senguivores insect eating: insectivores detritus eating: detritivores |
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What are the five feeding relationships? |
predator/prey herbivory parasite/host mutualism (two things cooperating for the benefit of each) competition (both going for the same food source) |
