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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
______ are a cell's 'molecular workers'
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Proteins
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The _____ code translates the sequence of bases in nucleic acid into the sequence of of amino acids and proteins.
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genetic
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____ contains the molecular blueprint of every cell.
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DNA
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Synthesis of new molecules inside the cell occurs through ________ pathways.
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biochemical
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Each step in a biochemical pathway is catalyzed by a _______ enzyme
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protein
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DNA in eukaryotes is kept in the _____
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nucleus
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DNA information must be carried by an ______ (RNA) from nucleus to cytoplasm.
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intermediary
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RNA is _____ structurally from DNA
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different
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RNA is _____ stranded
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single
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RNA uses the _____ ribose
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sugar
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________ RNA (mRNA) carries DNA gene information to the ribosome.
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messenger
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_______ RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome.
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Transfer
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_______RNA (rRNA) is part of the structure of ribosomes
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Ribosomal
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Each mRNA also has a ____ and a ____ codon.
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start, stop
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Transcription of a DNA gene into RNA has three stages - what the fuck are they?
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Initiation
Elongation Termination |
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RNA polymerase binds to promoter region at beginning of a gene on ______ strand.
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template
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RNA polymerase synthesizes a sequence of RNA nucleotides along ___ _______ _____.
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DNA template strand
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What is the location of of the translation stage?
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Cytosol
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____ = noncoding region
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introns
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____ = expressed sequences = coding region
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Exons
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All RNAs are made in the _____
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Nucleus
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_____ is physical site catalyst for protein synthesis
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rRNA
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____ transfer amino acids have anticodons
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tRNA
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______ substitutions (point mutations)
An incorrect nucleotide takes the place of a correct one |
Nueleotide
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Protein function is changed by an altered ____ _____ sequence
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amino acid
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The human genome contains ~ _____ genes
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30,000
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Prokaryotic DNA is organized into units called _____, which contain functionally related genes.
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operons
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A _______ gene, which controls the transcription of other genes
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regulatory
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A _____, which RNA polymerase recognizes as the place to start transcribing
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promoter
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An ______, which governs access of RNA polymerase to the promoter
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operator
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The _____ genes, which encode for related proteins
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structural
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