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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
______ are a cell's 'molecular workers'
Proteins
The _____ code translates the sequence of bases in nucleic acid into the sequence of of amino acids and proteins.
genetic
____ contains the molecular blueprint of every cell.
DNA
Synthesis of new molecules inside the cell occurs through ________ pathways.
biochemical
Each step in a biochemical pathway is catalyzed by a _______ enzyme
protein
DNA in eukaryotes is kept in the _____
nucleus
DNA information must be carried by an ______ (RNA) from nucleus to cytoplasm.
intermediary
RNA is _____ structurally from DNA
different
RNA is _____ stranded
single
RNA uses the _____ ribose
sugar
________ RNA (mRNA) carries DNA gene information to the ribosome.
messenger
_______ RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome.
Transfer
_______RNA (rRNA) is part of the structure of ribosomes
Ribosomal
Each mRNA also has a ____ and a ____ codon.
start, stop
Transcription of a DNA gene into RNA has three stages - what the fuck are they?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
RNA polymerase binds to promoter region at beginning of a gene on ______ strand.
template
RNA polymerase synthesizes a sequence of RNA nucleotides along ___ _______ _____.
DNA template strand
What is the location of of the translation stage?
Cytosol
____ = noncoding region
introns
____ = expressed sequences = coding region
Exons
All RNAs are made in the _____
Nucleus
_____ is physical site catalyst for protein synthesis
rRNA
____ transfer amino acids have anticodons
tRNA
______ substitutions (point mutations)
An incorrect nucleotide takes the place of a correct one
Nueleotide
Protein function is changed by an altered ____ _____ sequence
amino acid
The human genome contains ~ _____ genes
30,000
Prokaryotic DNA is organized into units called _____, which contain functionally related genes.
operons
A _______ gene, which controls the transcription of other genes
regulatory
A _____, which RNA polymerase recognizes as the place to start transcribing
promoter
An ______, which governs access of RNA polymerase to the promoter
operator
The _____ genes, which encode for related proteins
structural