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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When will DNA replication take place in the cell |
During interphase |
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What does DNA helicase do |
Unzips double helix |
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Single strand binding protein or SS BP |
Stabilizes the single stranded DNA |
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What is the function of topoisomerase |
Break sugar phosphate backbone to allow it to swivel and spin out |
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What is the function of DNA polymerase 3 |
Proofreads DNA and fix his mistakes also extends the leading strand |
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What is the function of RNA primase |
Puts the RNA primer on |
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What's the function of DNA polymerase 1 |
Remove DNA primers |
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What is the function of DNA ligase |
Puts DNA fragments together |
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Why do you need primers |
Because you can't build with dntps |
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The lagging strand has a nun replicated end this is why we need |
Telomeres |
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What is the function of mRNA |
Transfers information AKA messenger RNA |
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What is the function of rrna |
Ribosomal RNA what ribosomes are made of and they are made in the nucleolus |
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What is the function of TRNA |
Brings amino acids to a particular codon |
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How can mutations occur |
Buy a one-letter swap insertion or deletion |
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RNA polymerase does not need a |
Primer |
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Which strand is transcribed |
3 Prime to 5 Prime template |
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What is the coding strand |
Making RNA copy of non template |
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What does a promoter do |
Turn it off |
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How does it know when to stop |
It forms a hairpin Loop |
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In eukaryotes how does a single Gene code for multiple mRNA |
Edit them turns introns and exons |
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Where does translation occur |
In the rough ER |
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What determines how many times it can replicate |
By the length of the tail |
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What percentage of human DNA is used |
2% is coded for use |
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In the 1950s Watson and Crick identify |
DNA structure |
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Okazaki fragments |
Lagging strand DNA pieces that have to be reattached which is done by DNA ligase |
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What percentage of DNA in humans is regulation of the 2% that is coded |
8 - 10% |
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What is the central dogma of biology |
1 Gene tells how to make a protein or an enzyme |
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A codon is a sequence of |
3 base pairs |
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Every codon codes for a specific |
Amino acid |
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Many amino acids have several |
Codons |
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What is the start codon and its amino acid |
UAG methionine |
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What is a point mutation |
If you put a t where a c should be during translation and the wrong side is switched out |
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What is the third position wobble |
If the last letter of the codon is messed up it may still code for the right protein even if there's no connection |
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Missense |
Changes the amino acid |
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Frameshift |
Shifting sequence by one letter but almost always kill you completely different code |
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RNA polymerase has a |
Sigma |
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What does a sigma do |
Identifies and transcribes to a specific Gene and recognizes and binds to the promoter |
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What is the Tata box binding protein |
A sub-unit of the sigma protein at -10 |
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What are introns |
DNA that does not code for a protein they must be removed from eukaryotic RNA transcripts |
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Introns are blank and exons are blank |
Bad good |
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How are introns cut out |
1. SnRNP's bind to intron 2. SnRNP's assemble to form the spliceosome 3. Intron is cut 4. Intron is released and exons reconnect |
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In eukaryotes mrnas are given a |
5 Prime cap and a poly a tail |
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In bacterial transcription and translation take place at the |
Same time |
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In eukaryotes transcription and translation are separated in |
Space and time due to having membrane-bound organelles |
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In prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation is |
Identical |
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In prokaryotes translation takes place on the |
Chromosome |
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In eukaryotes translation takes place in the |
Cytoplasm |
