Bio Test 3

Front 1

a process of a neuron specialized to pick up messages and transmit them toward the cell body

Back 1

dendrite

Front 2

a long extension from the cell body of a neuron that carries an electrochemical message away from the cell body toward another neuron or effector

Back 2

axon

Front 3

a part of a neuron that contains the organelles and nucleus needed to maintain the cells

Back 3

cell body

Front 4

a region of exposed axon between Schwann cells forming a myelin sheath

Back 4

node of ranvier

Front 5

a type of glial cell i nt e peripheral nervous system that forms the myelin sheath by wrapping around the axon many times

Back 5

Schwann cell

Front 6

an insulationg layer around axons that carry nerve impulses over relatively long distances that is composed of multiple wrappings of the plasma membrane of certain glial cells

Back 6

myelin sheath

Front 7

variety of specialized cells that perform support services like stimulate cell growth, divide and fill in gaps if a neuron dies, and make insulation (myelin)

Back 7

glial cells

Front 8

free nerve endings that end on special cells that also sense light touch

Back 8

merkel disk

Front 9

common on the hairless, very sensitive areas of skin, suck as the lips, nipples, and fingertips that tell us exactly where we have been touched

Back 9

meissener's corpuscles

Front 10

consists of onion-like layers of tissue surrounding a nerve ending and are scattered in the deeper layers of skin and the underlying tissue. the respond only when the pressure is first applied and are important in sensing vibration

Back 10

pacinian corpuscles

Front 11

encapsulated endings that respond to continuous pressure

Back 11

ruffini corpuscles

Front 12

branched tips of dendrites of sensory neurons that sense pain, heat, and cold

Back 12

free nerve endings

Front 13

senses light touch by detecting the bending of hairs

Back 13

free never endings wrapped around hair

Front 14

outer layer of the eye that protects the eyeball

Back 14

sclera

Front 15

transparent dome of tissue forming the outer layer a tthe front of the eye that refeacts light, focusing it on the retina

Back 15

cornea

Front 16

pigmented layer containing blood vessels that absorbs stray light and deliveres nutrients and oxygen to tissues of eye

Back 16

choroid

Front 17

encircles lins; contains the ciliary muscles which controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor

Back 17

ciliary body

Front 18

colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil

Back 18

iris

Front 19

opening a tthe center of the iris that is the opening for incoming light

Back 19

pupil

Front 20

layer of tissue that contains the photoreceptors (rods and cones) that receives light and generates neural messages

Back 20

retina

Front 21

photoreceptor responsible for black and white vision and vision in dim light

Back 21

rods

Front 22

photoreceptor that is responsible for color vision and visual activity

Back 22

cones

Front 23

small pit in the retina that has a high concentration of cones and provides detailed color vision

Back 23

fovea

Front 24

transparent, semispherical body of tissue behind the iris and pupil that fine focuses light onto the retina

Back 24

lens

Front 25

clear fluid found between the cornea and the lens that refracts light and helps maintain shape of the eyeball

Back 25

aqueous humor

Front 26

gelatinous substance found within the chamber behind the lens that also refracts light and helps maintain shape of the eyeball

Back 26

vitreous humor

Front 27

group of axons from the eye to the brain that transmits impulses from the retina to the brain

Back 27

optic nerve

Front 28

fleshy, funnel-shaped part of the ear protruding from the side of the head that collects and directs sound waves

Back 28

pinna

Front 29

canal between the pinna and tympanic membrane that directs sound to the middle ear

Back 29

external auditory canal

Front 30

membrane spanning the end of the external auditory canal that vibrates in response to sound waves

Back 30

eardrum (tympanic membrane)

Front 31

three tiny bones of the middle ear that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum and transmit vibrations to inner ear

Back 31

hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), and stirrup (stapes)

Front 32

a tube that connects the middle ear with the throat and allows equalization of pressure in middle ear with external air pressure

Back 32

eustachian tube

Front 33

fluid-filed, bony, snail-shaped chamber that houses organ of Corti and has openings called oval window and round window

Back 33

cochlea

Front 34

contains hair cells and is the organ for hearing

Back 34

organ of Corti

Front 35

membrane between the middle and inner ear that the stapes presses against and transmits the movements of the stapes to the fluid in the inner ear

Back 35

oval window

Front 36

membrane at the lower end of the lower canal in the cochlea that relieves pressure created byt he movements of the oval window

Back 36

round window

Front 37

fluid-filled chambers and canals that monitor position and movement of the head

Back 37

vestibular apparatus

Front 38

two fluid-filled chambers that maintain static equilibrium

Back 38

vestibule

Front 39

three fluid-filled chambers oriented at right angles to one another and maintain dynamic equilibrium

Back 39

semicircular canals

Front 40

controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, body temperature, and food intake; is a center for emotions

Back 40

hypothalamus

Front 41

a bridge between higher and lower brain centers

Back 41

pons

Front 42

coordinates sensory-motor voluntary movement and stores memory of learned motor patterns

Back 42

cerebellum

Front 43

contains autonomic centers for heart rate and digestive activites; relays sensory information to thalamus

Back 43

medulla oblongata

Front 44

contains sensory areas for skin senses, vision, hearing, olfaction; motor areas for voluntary control of movementl association areas for interpreting sensation, langueage, thinking, decision making

Back 44

cerebrum

Front 45

allows left and right cerebral hemispheres to communicate with one another

Back 45

corpus callosum

Front 46

processes all sensory information; relays information to appropriate higher brain centers

Back 46

thalamus