Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
atom
|
simplest unit of all matter
|
|
|
atom
|
fundamental unit of matter
|
|
|
What is the atom made up of?
|
nucleus made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons that move around the nucleus at tremendous speeds
|
|
|
What is the charge of a proton?
|
positive
|
|
|
What is the charge of a neutron?
|
neutral
|
|
|
What is the charge of an electron?
|
negitive
|
|
|
What are the max number of electrons for each ring?
|
first ring=2
second and on=8 |
|
|
To have a net charge of zero what two particles must be equal?
|
protons and electrons
|
|
|
element
|
substance that can not be broken down chemically into a simpler kind of matter
|
|
|
periodic table
|
provides a chart of the known elements as well as information about each element
|
|
|
What is the equation for neutrons?
|
mass-protons=neutrons
|
|
|
since atoms are neutral ___# = ____#
|
proton # = electron #
|
|
|
What is the equation for mass?
|
protons+neutrons=mass
|
|
|
8
O 16 |
8=atomic number (# of protons)
O=symbol 16=mass# (protons+neutrons) |
|
|
isotopes
|
proton number stays the same while the number of neutrons can vary
|
|
|
covalent bond
|
a bond formed when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
|
|
|
An atom of an element can bond to another element to gain what if it does not have a full outer most energy level with the number of electrons it already has.
|
stability
|
|
|
When is an atom stable?
|
when its outer most energy level is full
|
|
|
molecule
|
group of atoms held together by a covalent bond
|
|
|
inorganic compounds
|
compound generally derived from nonliving things
example=water |
|
|
organic compounds
|
these contain carbon; compound generally derived from living things
four types: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids |
|
|
what are proteins made up of
|
amino acids
|
|
|
how many different amino acids are there
|
20
|
|
|
How do amino acids differ
|
"R" or replacement group
|
|
|
What are a protein's functions?
|
-transport substances
-speed up reactions -provide structural support -makes hormones |
|
|
two amino acids bond together by what where water is removed
|
dehydration or condensation reaction
|
|
|
two amino acids break apart by what where water is added
|
hydration or hydrolysis
|
|
|
peptide bond
|
bond formed between two amino acids (carbon and nitrogen)
|
|
|
Two amino acids bonded together by one condensation reaction forms a what
|
dipeptide
|
|
|
many amino acids bonded together by many condensation reactions
|
polypeptide
|
|
|
both DNA and RNA are composed of what
|
nucleotide monomers
|
|
|
enzymes
|
proteins that speed up reactions
|
|
|
What are the functions of carbohydrates
|
-store energy
-provide structural support |
|
|
Simple sugars composed to (CH2O)n are called what
|
monosaccharides
n can range from 3 to 7 example= glucose |
|
|
two monosaccharides linked together
|
disaccharide
examples= sucrose and lactose |
|
|
three or more monosaccharides linked together
|
polysaccharide
examples= glycogen and chitin |
|
|
iodine
|
indicator for polysaccharides
-turns from amber to a black/purple |
|
|
benedict's solution
|
indicator for monosaccharides
-turns from blue to orange in the presence of heat |
|
|
what are the two functions of lipids
|
-store energy
-provide barriers |
|
|
what are lipids made up of
|
fatty acid monomers along with glycerol and other components
|
|
|
lipids are what which means they do not dissolve in water
|
hydrophobic
|
|
|
what are the groups of lipids
|
fats, oils, waxes (steroids)
|
|
|
groups of lipids includes substances such as what
|
cholesterol and hormones
|
|
|
what are the functions of nucleic acids
|
-store and communicate genetic information
|
|
|
what are the two types of nucleic acids
|
DNA and RNA
|
|
|
What are nucleotides made up of
|
-phosphate
-sugar -base |
|
|
activation energy
|
the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction
|
|
|
in every chemical reaction there is a change in energy due to the what
|
making and breaking of chemical bonds as reactants for products
|
|
|
all living things are chemical factories driven by what
|
chemical reactions
|
|
|
reactions that have high activation energy levels require other substances to what so the reaction can occur quickly
|
reduce activation energy
|
|
|
catalyst
|
substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
|
|
|
what does a catalyst NOT do?
|
-increase the amount of product
-get used up in the reaction |
|
|
enzymes
|
biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes
|
|
|
substrates
|
reactants that bind to the enzyme
|
|
|
active site
|
specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme
|
