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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endomembrane system: endoplasmic reticulum
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attached to number membrane/envelope
smooth and rough ER accounts for 1/2 of total membrane in many cells |
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rought ER
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syn proteins w/ help nucleic acid, long, snakelike, store enzymes, ribo's on outisde
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smooth ER
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no ribonsomes,
1. syn lipids 2. detoxify toxins fatter, wormlike |
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ribosomes
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protein systhesis, very small, some bound/not to ER, 2 subunits (based on weight)
free - suspended in cytoplasm bound - to rought ER |
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golgi apparatus
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upper class Smooth ER
1. manufactures, stores, sorts, ships products ER (proteins) 2. found in plants and others |
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vesicles
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parallel lining, how proteins move ER -> golgia app forming rough ER
fuses w/ cell membrane and becomes part of new cell |
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lysosome
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organelle,
break down engulfed mol's digests food (macromols), foreign materials and damaged organelles - contains hydrolitic enzymes - once digests food, becomes a residual body : release of enzymes : phagocytosis : autophagy |
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autophagy
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organelles,
eaten by lysosomes, break down into monomers, go bk to cytoplasm to reuse |
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mitochondria
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shoe shape, formation ATP (cell resp), in plants not bacteria, inner and outer membrane
very small |
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outer membane mitochondria
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smooth and protective
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inner membrane mitochondria
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lots folding (increases surface area), more control over what enters/exists
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crista
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finger like extgensions of mitochondria, krebs cycle site
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matrix
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enzymes - production ATP, inside inner membrane of mitochondria
holds ribosomes and DNA remaining internal space in mitochon |
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chloroplasts
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green -> photosy -> glucose (E) -> storage (starch)
chlorophhyll, inner and outer membrane |
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chlorophyll
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inside cholorplasts, why its green, need lots Mg b/c Heme group (needs Fe)
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thylakoid
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"Quarter", have chlorohyll and other pigments that harvest light for photosyn
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granum
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stack in chlorophyll
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grana
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many stacks of chlorophyll
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stroma lamellae
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connectors in chlorophyll
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stroma
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in chlorophyll in chloroplasts
fluid where grana suspended, empty space, contains ribosomes and DNA, syn some proteins |
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peroxisome
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high concentration catalase, breaks down protein and nucleic acid in hydrogen peroxie
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catalase
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converts hydrogen peroxide in to water and oxygen
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central vacuole
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membrane bound, full of h20
turgidity in plant -> lots pressure -> rigidty of plants |
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tonoplast
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membrane surrounding central vacuole
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cytoskeleton
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gives cells shape: microtubules, microfilaments, intermed filmaents
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cilium
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short celluar appendage for microtubule movement
move fast occurs in large #s on surface of cell have 9-2 tubular structure, |
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dynein arms
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arms that reach to adjacent microtubule and pull -> bend microtubule like cat climbing a tree
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microtubules
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hollow tubes, 13 columns of tubulin molecules
25 nm w/ 15 nm lumen (hole) tubulin, consisting of a-tubulin and b-tubulin 1. maint cell shape 2. cell motility (individs and groups) 3. c'some movements in cell division 4. organelle movements |
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microfilaments
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two intertwined strands of actin
7 nm actin - filaments slide towards center, causes a contraction or shortening of muscle 1. maint of cell shape (tension-bearing elements) 2. changes in cell shape 3. muscle contraction 4. cytoplasmic streaming - cytoplasm circles around cell) 5. cell motility (NOT FLAGELLA) 6. cell division (cleavage furrow formation) |
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intermediate filaments
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fibrous proteins supercoiled into thicker cables
8-12 nm one of several diff proteins of the kertain fam 1. maint cell shape (tension bearing eles) 2. anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles 3. formation nuclear lamina |
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phagocytosis
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pocket forms in plas membrane, encloses material from outside cell, breaks free of plas mem and moves into cytoplas, fuses w/ lysosome, how gets into cell
a way to get out of cell cell eating |
