Bio Test 2 Lec 5

Front 1

Roots

Back 1

Rely on sugar produced by
photosynthesis in shoot system

Front 2

Shoots

Back 2

Rely on water and minerals
absorbed by root system

Front 3

Root functions

Back 3

– Anchoring the plant
– Absorbing minerals and water
– Storing organic nutrients

Front 4

Taproot system

Back 4

One main vertical root that gives rise to lateral roots
**found in eudicots

Front 5

Fibrous root system

Back 5

• Thin lateral roots with no main root
• Seedless vascular plants and monocots

Front 6

Absorption of water and minerals occurs near ____ _____

Back 6

root hairs

Front 7

nodes

Back 7

the points at which leaves are attached

Front 8

Internodes

Back 8

the stem segments between nodes

Front 9

Axillary bud

Back 9

Structure that form a lateral shoot, or branch

Front 10

Apical bud, or terminal bud

Back 10

– Near the shoot tip
– Causes elongation of a young shoot

Front 11

Apical dominance

Back 11

helps to maintain dormancy in most nonapical buds

Front 12

Leaves

Back 12

• Main photosynthetic
organ

Front 13

petiole

Back 13

stalk of the leaf that joins it to the stem

Front 14

Most monocots have
_____ veins

Back 14

parallel

Front 15

Most eudicots have
______ veins

Back 15

branching

Front 16

Plant organs comprised of what 3 types of tissues

Back 16

–Dermal tissues
–Vascular tissues
–Ground tissues

Front 17

Dermal tissue in non-woody plants

Back 17

consists of the epidermis

Front 18

Dermal tissue in woody plants

Back 18

consists of protective tissues
called periderm
-Replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots

Front 19

Vascular tissue is comprised of what 2 tissues

Back 19

xylem and phloem

Front 20

Xylem

Back 20

Conveys water and dissolved minerals from roots into the shoots

Front 21

Phloem

Back 21

– Transports organic nutrients
– From where they are made (leaves) to where they are needed (rest of
the plant)

Front 22

stele

Back 22

Vascular tissue of a stem or root

Front 23

vascular bundles

Back 23

Strands of xylem and phloem

Front 24

Ground tissue

Back 24

– cells specialized for storage
– cells specialized for
photosynthesis
– cells specialized for support

Front 25

Parenchyma cells

Back 25

– Have thin and flexible primary walls
– Lack secondary walls
– Are the least specialized
– Perform the most metabolic functions
– Retain the ability to divide and differentiate

Front 26

Collenchyma cells

Back 26

• Grouped in strands
• Help support young parts of the plant shoot
• Thicker and uneven cell walls
• Lack secondary walls
• Provide flexible support without restraining growth

Front 27

Sclerenchyma cells

Back 27

• Rigid because of thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin
• Dead at functional maturity

Front 28

Sclereids

Back 28

• Short and irregular in shape
• Thick lignified secondary walls

Front 29

Fibers

Back 29

• Long and slender
• Arranged in threads

Front 30

Two types of waterconducting
cells

Back 30

• Tracheids
• Vessel elements

Front 31

Tracheids

Back 31

Found in the xylem of all vascular plants

Front 32

Vessel elements

Back 32

Common to angiosperms and a few gymnosperms
– Align end to end
– Form long micropipes called vessels

Front 33

Sievetube elements

Back 33

sugar conducting cells
• Alive at functional maturity
• Lack organelles
• Each sieve‐tube element has a companion cell

Front 34

companion cell

Back 34

Nucleus and ribosomes serve
sieve‐tube element cells

Front 35

Sieve plates

Back 35

• Porous end walls
• Allow fluid to flow between cells along the sieve tube

Front 36

what do meristems do?

Back 36

generate cells for new organs

Front 37

meristems have what 2 types of cells

Back 37

• Initials
• Derivatives

Front 38

Apical meristems

Back 38

– Elongate shoots and roots
**primary growth

Front 39

Lateral meristems

Back 39

– Add thickness to woody plants
**Secondary growth

Front 40

what are the 2 lateral meristems

Back 40

– Vascular cambium
– Cork cambium

Front 41

Vascular cambium

Back 41

Adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem

Front 42

Cork cambium

Back 42

Replaces the epidermis with periderm

Front 43

leaf primordia

Back 43

where leaves develop

Front 44

Stomata

Back 44

• Holes in epidermis of leaf
• Allow CO2 exchange etween air and the hotosynthetic cells

Front 45

Mesophyll

Back 45

• Ground tissue between the
upper and lower epidermis
• Palisade mesophyll
• Spongy mesophyll
-- Site of gas exchange

Front 46

Secondary plant body

Back 46

– Tissues produced by the vascular cambium
– Tissues produced by cork cambium

Front 47

Secondary growth Occurs only in

Back 47

gymnosperms and eudicots

Front 48

Vascular cambium

Back 48

is a ring of initials of meristematic cells
-comprised of initials

Front 49

initials

Back 49

add secondary xylem to the *inside and secondary phloem to the *outside

Front 50

what is secondary xylem

Back 50

wood

Front 51

Cork cambium

Back 51

gives rise to the protective tissure called the periderm

Front 52

Lenticels

Back 52

Openings in periderm allow for gas exchange between living stem or root cells and the outside air