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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the first energy-releasing metabolic pathways were _______________ because ______________.
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anaerobic, Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere had not evolved
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an oxygen-dependent pathway used by cells of nearly all species
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aerobic respiration
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In all cells, all of the main energy-releasing pathways start with_____________________________________.
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the same reactions in the cytoplasm
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reactions in which enzymes cleave and rearrange a glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate
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glycolysis
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an organic compound that has a three-carbon backbone
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pyruvate
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only the __________ pathway continues and ends in ____________________.
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aerobic, mitochondria
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anaerobic respiration has a net yield of _____
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2 ATP
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aerobic respiration typically yields ________
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36 ATP or more
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the equation for aerobic respiration
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C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
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a cyclic pathway in which enzymes break down pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water, which releases many electrons and hydrogen atoms
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Krebs cycle
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two coenzymes in aerobic respiration that accept electrons and hydrogen derived from intermediates of glucose breakdown
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NAD+ and FAD
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NAD+ and FAD are reduced to ___________ when carrying electrons and hydrogen.
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NADH and FADH2
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glucose
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6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen atoms
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glycolysis takes and energy investment of ______.
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2 ATP
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the direct transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate of a reaction to some other molecule
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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