Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Meiosis
|
Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divides to generate four haploid cells often called gametes.
- Meiosis is a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce, which results in gametes with one half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. In some respects, it is very similar to the process of mitosis, yet it is also fundamentally different in other respects. Let's look at an overview of the meiotic process. |
|
|
Meiosis is divided into two parts:
|
meiosis I and meiosis II. At the end of the meiotic process, there are four daughter cells rather than the two produced at the end of the mitotic process. Each of the resulting daughter cells has one half of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
|
|
|
Why did Mendel use Pea Plants for his studies?
|
a) Easy to cultivate
b) Short generation time c) Easy to control fertilization (1) Easy to pollinate (2) Easy to eliminate cross-fertilization d) Have discontinuous (discrete) characteristics (1) Such as plant height (2) Pea color, etc |
|
|
True- Breeding Plant
|
a plant, that when self-fertilized, only produces offspring with the same traits. The alleles for these type of plants are homozygous.
- For example, the gene for seed shape in pea plants exists in two forms, one form or allele for round seed shape (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). A true-breeding round seed plant would be (RR) for that trait and a true-breeding wrinkled seed plant would be (rr). |
|
|
The strains that Mendel had to work with were
based upon (7) different “traits” |
a) Seed Shape
(1) Round vs. Wrinkled Peas b) Seed Color (1) Yellow vs Green Cotyledons c) Flower Color (1) Gray vs White coat (Violet vs. White Flowers) d) Pod Shape (1) Full vs Constricted pods e) Pod Color (1) Green vs Yellow Pods f) Pod Arrangement (1) Axial vs Terminal Pods g) Stem Height (1) Tall vs Dwarf Plants. |
|
|
Monohybrid
|
is one where only one trait is crossed.
e.g. A tall pea plant TT is crosses with a short pea plant tt. |
|
|
Dihybrid
|
is one where two traits are crossed.
e.g. a tall, green flowered plant TtGg is crossed with a short, yellow flowered plant ttgg. |
|
|
3 Postulates
|
A. FACTORS OCCUR IN PAIRS
B. FACTORS DISPLAY DOMINANCE/RECESSIVENESS C. SEGREGATION OF TRAITS INTO SEX CELLS |
|
|
Mendel’s Second Law of Independent Assortment
|
Two genes on different chromosomes segregate their alleles independently
The inheritance of one does not influence the chance of inheriting the other |
