Bio -Terms

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M1.1

Metabolism

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All of the physical and chemical activities in your body that converts or use energy .

The sum total of all process in an organism which coverts energy & materials from outside sources , & use that energy to sustain its functions .

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1(A)Anabolism

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constructive metabolism;sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life

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1.(B)Catabolism

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Deconstructive metabolism ; sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple building blocks

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photosynthesis

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The processs by which green plants and some other organisms use that energy of sunlight and simple chems to produce their own food

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Herbivores

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Organisms that eat only plants

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Carnivores

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Organisms that only eat other organisms other than plants

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Omnivores

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organism that eat both plants and other organisms

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Producers

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Organisms that produce their own food

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Consumers

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Organism that eat living producers and / or other consumers for food

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Decomposers

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An organism, often a bacterium or fungus, that feeds on and breaks down dead matter of other organisms , thus making organic nutrients available to the ecosystem.

Organism that break down the dead remains of other organisms

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Autotrophs

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Organism that are able to make their own food

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Heterotrophs

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Organisms that depend on other organism for their food

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Receptors

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special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment

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Asexual Reproduction

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Reproduction accomplished by a single organisms

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Sexual Reproduction

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reproduction that requires two organisms

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Inheritance

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The process by which physical and biolgical characteristics are transmitted from the parent or (parents ) to the offspring

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Mutations

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An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents

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Hypothesis

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An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or an answer a question

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Theory

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A hypotheses that has been tested with a significant amounts of Data

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Scientific Law

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A theory tht has been tested by and is consistant with generations of Data

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Microoroganisms

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Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye

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Abiogenesis

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The idea that long ago , very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions

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organelle

( awr-guh-nel )

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Cell Biology. a specialized part of a cell having some specific function;a cell organ.

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membrane

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a microscopic double layer of lipids and proteins that bounds cells and organelles and forms structures within cells.

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|Pro|kary|otic cell

(before) (nucleus )

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A cell that has no distinct , membrane-bound organelles

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Eukaryotic cell

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a cell with no distinct , membrane-bound organelles

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Species

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A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable ofinterbreeding and producing fertile offspring. The species is the fundamental category of taxonomicclassification, ranking below a genus or subgenus

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Taxonomy

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the science dealing with the description, identification,naming, and classification of organisms.

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binomial nomenclature

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a system of nomenclature in which each species is given a uniquename that consists of a generic and a specific term

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Five kingdoms

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1.plants

2.animals

3.fungi

4.Protista

5. Monerans

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3 normal

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M.2

Pathogen

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An organism that causes disease

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Saprophyte (sap'roh fytes)

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An organism that feeds on dead matter

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Parasite

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An organism that feeds on a living host

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Aerobic organism

(Ehr oh' bik)

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An organism that requires oxygen

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Anaerobic organisms

(An uh roh' bic )

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An organism that does not require oxygen

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Steady state

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A state which members of a population die as quickly as new members are bore

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Exponential growth

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Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population

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Logistic growth

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Population growth that is controlled by limited resources

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Transformation

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The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of function recipient cell

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Transduction

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The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another

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Conjunction

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A temporary Union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer

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Plasmid

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A small , circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and Can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.

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Transduction

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The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another

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Endospore

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The DNA & other essential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers

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Strains

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Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits