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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Centromere
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The small area which connects two sister chromatids
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Zygote
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union of 2 gametes' diploid
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Spindle Fiber
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the "track" to which chromosomes attach before dividing
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Hologous
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chromosomes coding for same information - they are pairs
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Centrioles
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moves to opposite poles during prophase and organizes spindle fibers
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Diploid (& Dip. #)
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normal # of chromosomes, stands for 2 of each kind (46)
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Haploid (& Hap. #)
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only one of each kind chromosome = half the pair (23)
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Triploid
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3 entire sets of chromosomes (69)
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Trisomy
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3 of ONE of the chromosomes
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Monosomy
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1 of ONE of the chromosomes
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Nondisjunction
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failure of a chromosome to divide
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Polar cells are formed when
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small discarded cells which help to eliminate the excess chromosomes from egg formation
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mitosis ends up with/ meiosis ends up with
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Mit. = 2 identical daughter cells have the original # of chromosomes as the parents cell
Mei. = 2 cells with 1/2 the original chromosomes (one of each kind) |
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Karyotype
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an organized "picture" of chromosomes, lined up by pairs and by height and banding pattern
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spermatogenesis/oogenesis
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S = form of meiosis which is the process of making sperm
O = " " " making eggs |
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Apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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Telomere
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"end" of chromosome which gets shorter each division = prevents unraveling of the chromosome
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Somatic/germ cells
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S = chromosomes which are not involved with the determination of gender
G = general term for cells which will become gametes |
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Mitosis Prophase
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-Chrom. replicated
-Membrane disappears -Centrioles separate & Spindle fibers form |
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Mitosis Metaphase
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-Chrom. single file on spindle fibers
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Mitosis Anaphase
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-both chromosomes separate 2 sister chromatids & each travels along spindle to opposite poles
-now called daughter chromosomes |
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Both Telophase
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-Mem. reform
-Spindle gone -Cytokenesis starts -Furrow forms if animal cell -Cell plate if plant cell |
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Meiosis Prophase
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-(Same as mitosis)
-Synapsis occurs near end causing tetrad formation |
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Meiosis Metaphase
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Chrom. line up homologous pairs in middle
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Meiosis Anaphase
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Homologous chromosomes separate & go to opposite poles
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