Bio Subject Test 345 "circulatory Sys And Immune Sys"

Front 1

plasma

Back 1

liquid portion of blood

Front 2

Red blood cell

Back 2

erythrocyte

transfer of O2

Front 3

white blood cell

Back 3

lymphocyte

immunity

Front 4

platelets

Back 4

clotting

Front 5

where are blood cells form

Back 5

bone marrow (red and white and plasma)

Front 6

weight of blood cells

Back 6

plasma>lecocyte,platelets>erythrocyte

Front 7

Arteries

Back 7

심장으로부터 온몸의각기관으로 oxygenate blood 운반 (except pulmonary artery, which carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lung)

no valve

under high pressure

Aorta is the largest artery

made of epithelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue

Front 8

Vein

Back 8

move deoxygenate blood to the heart(except pulmonary vein which carry oxygenate blood from lung to heart)

under low pressure

has valve

made of epitheleum, smooth muscle, connective tissue

vena cava are largest vein

Front 9

capillaries

Back 9

smallest blood vessle

site for gas exchange

Front 10

open vs closed system

Back 10

open cs has no capillaries

closed cs has capillaries
open보다 쉽고 빠르게 O2, CO2가 운반됀다

Front 11

systemic circuit (온몸을 돈다)

Back 11

left ventrical(high O2, low CO2)-aorta(asending/desending)-capillaries of upper and lower body -superior/inferior vena cava(low O2 and high CO2)-right atrium(low O2, high CO2)

Front 12

pulmonary circuit (lung을돈다)

Back 12

right ventricle(low O2 and high CO2)-pulmonary artery (low O2 and high CO2)-capillaries of lung (O2/CO2 exchange)-pulmonary vein(high O2 low CO2)-left atrium(high O2 low CO2)

Front 13

atrium

Back 13

right and left
-left receive from lung
-right receive from body

above ventricle

vena cava to right
pulmonary vein to left

foramen ovale connects btw right and left

receive blood

has valve btw atrium and ventricle
-atroventricular valve
--tricuspid valve(right)
--biscuspid valve (left)

Front 14

ventricle

Back 14

push out
has aorta to left
pulmonary arteries to right
-to lung
aorta to left
-to body

semilunar velve in aorta and pulmonary arteries

Front 15

diastole

Back 15

when blood travel from atrium to ventricle

heart relaxes

Front 16

systole

Back 16

when blood travel from ventricle to aorta and P.Arteries

ventricle contract

Front 17

ductus aerteriosus

Back 17

feature of fetal circulation.

shunt blood away from developing lung

connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta

Front 18

clotting mechanism

Back 18

platelets from bone marrow in contact with exposed collagen
secretes THROMBOPLASTIN

THROMBOPLASTIN converts PROTHROMBIN(from liver) to THROMBIN

THROMBIN converts FIBROGEN to FIBRIN whichtrap blood cell leading to clot formation

Front 19

SA node (sinoatrial)

Back 19

P -atrium contracts
P-Q is pace maker
R-S is ventricle contract
T is time that the muscle are recovered from the contraction.

Front 20

protozoans/coelenterates

Back 20

movement of gases and nutrient is accomplished by simple diffusion whtin the cell

Front 21

Annelids

Back 21

earthwarm, cloased CS

Front 22

Arthropods

Back 22

open CS in which blood is direct contact with body tissue. Blood is circulated primarity by body movement

blood flow through dorsal vessel and into spaces called sinuses where exchange occur.

Front 23

Antigen

Back 23

agglutinogens

A type has A antigen on the surface of RBC and make anti B (antibody)

O type do not have any antigen thus make anti A and Anti B

type AB ahhs both antgen and make no antibody

Front 24

antiboddy

Back 24

agglutinins

protein produced by the body that binds to the antigens (attack antigen)

either attack antigen or enhance phagocytosis of antigen

Front 25

antibody enhance phagocytosis by??

Back 25

neutralization
agygulutination
precipitation
cell lysis

Front 26

lymphatic system

Back 26

link btw circulatory sys and immune sys

absorb excess fluid (lymph vessle) and cycle back to circulatory sys

produce lymphocytes and transport white blood cell

Front 27

Primary defense

Back 27

skin, sweat, saliva, tear

Front 28

secondary defense

Back 28

non-specific and specific

Front 29

non-specific chemical defense

Back 29

inflamatory response
complementary protein
interferon

Front 30

inflamatory response

Back 30

from damaged master cell/basophil(WBC) histamin is secreted
-histamine dilates capillaries (make it wbc to infiltrate easily)

leucocyte(WBC)secrete PROSTAGLADIN(상처부위로 더많은 혈액이 흐르도록한다 그래서 상처부위가더 붉게 부르고 열이난다) to damaged cell

complementary protein and phagocytosis gather at dammaged cell
-neutrophil (WBC) coems first then macrophage

macrophage secretes cytokine
which gather phgocytosis
-cytokine also work as pyrogen(열을낸다,microgoranism성장억제)

Front 31

complement protein

Back 31

histamin 방출자극

phagocyte 을 유인함

antibody 가 antigen 을 인식하게 도와준다
-antibody에 complementary protein이 붇는다

Front 32

interferon

Back 32

공격받은세포가 interferon 을 만들고 죽는다

건강한 세포를 자극, viral production을 방해하는 다른 protein을 생산.
-바이러스 외피단백질차단

Front 33

nonspecific cellular defense

Back 33

phagocyte
-neutrophile
-macrophhage
-monocyte 가 상처부위로 오면 커다란 macrophage로 성장

natural killer cell

Front 34

autoimmune diease

Back 34

자기와 비자기를 구분못하면 걸린다

Front 35

specific defense

Back 35

immunity
-antigen마다 특이적인 Tcell or antibody 가 작용한다

-antigen은 수많은 종류가있고, 다양한 epitope를 가지고있다.

humoral immunity
-release antibody
-B lymphocyte
cell mediated immunity
-T cell attack
-T lymphocyte

Front 36

Humoral immunity

Back 36

B Lymphocyte 가관여

antibody가 외부침입자의 epitope와 반응하는 작용

Front 37

cell mediated immunity

Back 37

bacteria 나 virus에 감연됀 사람의세포 또는 돌연변이됀 세포(cancer)를 공격

T lymphocyte

Front 38

primary lymphoid organ

Back 38

bone marrow and thymus

Front 39

secondary lymphoid organ

Back 39

lymph node and spleen

Front 40

B lymphocyte

Back 40

continue maturation in bone marrow
when mature migrate to lymphoid tissue (lymph node, spleen, blood and lymph)

특정한 하나의 antigen을 인힉하여 결합할수있는 특이한 antibody를 같고있다

Front 41

T lymphocyte

Back 41

move to thymus from bone marrow and complete their maturation in thymus
when mature migrate to lymphoid tissue (lymph node, spleen, blood and lymph)

Front 42

Primary immune system

Back 42

lymphocyte가 첨으로 antigen에 노출돼어 effector cell들의 clone을 형성
take time does not start right away

Front 43

secondary immune system

Back 43

vaccination

똑같은 antigen이 2번재 노출돼었경우에 빠르게 더강하게 반응한다

Front 44

memory cell vs effector cell

Back 44

memory cell
-오래산다
-lymph node에 남아서 2차로 노출돼면 memory cell과 세로운 effector cell을 만든다

effector cell
-오직몇칠동안만 살아남는다

Front 45

IgG

Back 45

antibody from b cell

single
in blood

Front 46

IgA

Back 46

antibody from b cell

double
침, 눈물, 모유

Front 47

IgD

Back 47

antibody from b cell

Bcell 표면

Front 48

IgM

Back 48

antibody from b cell

blood plasma

Front 49

IgE

Back 49

antibody from b cell

master celland basophil 부터 histamin 분비를 촉진시킴

Front 50

cell mediated response

Back 50

involve Tcell

Front 51

Tcell

Back 51

cytotoxin Tcell
suppressor Tcell
helper Tcell

Front 52

helper Tcell

Back 52

activates Bcell
secret leymphokine which bring other t cells

Front 53

cytotoxin Tcell

Back 53

다른세포를 죽인다 (by lysis)

Front 54

suppressor Tcell

Back 54

Tcell and Bcell 억제when 간염됀게 없어지면

Front 55

white blood cell

Back 55

lymphocyte -make antibody
-B cell
-T cell

basophile
-inflammatory response
esoinphile
-phacocyte
neutrophils
-phycocyte
monocyte
-macrophage로 정장

Front 56

ductus venosus

Back 56

connects fetal portal circulation to the placenta

Front 57

what is portal system?

Back 57

unusual circulatory arrangements in the body in which there are two interconnected capillary beds.

blood travels from artery to capillary bed to vein to second capillary bed

ex. hepatic portal system
and hypothalamic portal system

Front 58

non-portal circulation

Back 58

blood travels from arteries to a capillary bed and back to a vein

Front 59

heptic poral system

Back 59

blood leaving capillary bed of the small inestine, which has packed up digested food, passes thru the heptic portal vein to to a capillary beds in the liver before returning to a venous system

Front 60

hypotalaic portal system

Back 60

the two capillary beds are contained in the hypotalamusand the anterior pituary. this portal system brngs releasing factors from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituary

Front 61

aglutinins

Back 61

they are the antibodies that recognize the different blood type.

antibodis cause agglutinationor clumping of blood

Front 62

Agglutinogens

Back 62

are antigens that determin blood type

found on surface of red blood cell

Front 63

bone marrow

Back 63

organ invovled in immune system

produce immune cell such as lymphocyte, monocyte, leukocyte, B cell, and T cell

Front 64

thymus

Back 64

organ invovled in immune system

secrete thymosin, hormone that stimulate pre T cells to mature

Front 65

spleen

Back 65

organ invovled in immune system

storage aea for blood and also filter blood and lymph

Front 66

eye "tear"

Back 66

nonspecific immune sys

tear contais an antibacterial enzyme called lysozyme that can digest peptidoglycan call wall in bacteria

Front 67

skin

Back 67

organ invovled in immune system

hard to penetrate

Front 68

respiratory track

Back 68

organ invovled in immune system

mucus n nose and muth trap
microorganism
cillia lining in the respiratory track move the trapped organism out of the system

Front 69

digestive track

Back 69

organ invovled in immune system

acidity of the stomach kill many organism that enter thru mouth man

Front 70

complement system

Back 70

organ invovled in immune system

protein secreted in blood defend againt infection generalized manner

Front 71

complement protein

Back 71

non specific

in complement sys.
complement protein binds to the surface of many pathgens, attracting white blood cell to destroy infection

Front 72

neutrophils and macrophage

Back 72

non specific

nuetrophile show up first duirng complement sys

white b cell
ingest infectious agent via phagoctosis

Front 73

interferon

Back 73

non specfic

released from the cell that is attacked by the pathogen

stimulate production of proteins that interfere with viral replication

Front 74

inflammatory response

Back 74

non specific

injured cell release histamine which cause blood vessel to dilate resulting in inc blood flow to the site of damage

accompany by fever

Front 75

specific immune response

Back 75

b cell and T cell (both are white blood cell)

recognize and eliminate foregin particl

Front 76

production of antibodies

Back 76

B cell
humoral response

Front 77

cellular response

Back 77

t cell

Front 78

lymphokine

Back 78

ex. interlekin

signaling molecule secreted by helper T cell which coordinate the immune response of other cells against specific antigens

Front 79

t cell mature in

Back 79

thymus

Front 80

b cell mature in

Back 80

bone marrow

Front 81

for antigen to stimulate T cell receptor it must be presented to the t cell as part of a complex protein called??

Back 81

MHC (major histocompatibilt complex)

Front 82

MHC class 1

Back 82

proteins are present on the surface of all cells

Front 83

MHC class 2

Back 83

poteins are only present on the surface of immune cells including macrophage, B cells and T cells

Front 84

activation of B and T cell

Back 84

1. macrophage phagocytize pathogen.
2. these are displaye on the surface of the macrophage via MHC II protein
3. Helper T cell recognize MHC antigen complex
4. helper t cell binds with MHC complex and secrete interleukins
5. interleukins activae cytotoxin t cells to kill infected cells and stimulte B cells to secreite antibody

Front 85

plasma cell

Back 85

speciallzied b cells that produceand secrete antibodies

Front 86

epitope

Back 86

is specirfic part of the antigen recognized by the imune system

Front 87

antigen binding site of antibody

Back 87

variable reigon of heavy chian

Front 88

variable region contans large number of ()

Back 88

a.a sequence

Front 89

bonds in antibody

Back 89

disulfide bond btw heavy-heavy constant region

and heavy and light chain

Front 90

primary immune response

Back 90

upon firs exposure to an antigen

Front 91

secondary immun response

Back 91

if body later expose to the same antigen, immune system response more quickly and effectively

Front 92

immunological memory

Back 92

regonize antigen tat has been previously exposed

based o memory cells
-produce during 1st immune response
-survive log periods and quickly proliferate if exposed to the antigen that caused gtheir creation

Front 93

active immunity

Back 93

-development of antibody due to exposure to an antigen

-vaccination

-example of artifically acquired immunity

Front 94

passive immunity

Back 94

-transfer of pe formed antibody
-during pregnancy, some antibody pass from mother to fetus via placenta

-naturlly acquired

-last only as log as the antibodies remainin the blood stream

Front 95

foramen ovale

Back 95

connects the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal hear

purpose is to shunt blood away from the developing lungs