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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
cytoskeleton
latticework of protein microfilaments and microtubules; anchors some organelles, serves as transport, maintains shape
Lysosomes
contains over 60 digestive enzymes ("stomach of the cell")
Autophagy
"self eating"; when lysosomes destroy organelles
apoptosis
programmed cell death
do red blood cells have a mitochondria?
no
mitochondria
energy production organelle; "cristae" are folds which project into the "matrix"; provide ATP for cell respiration; all come from the mother's egg cell
ribosome
protein factory; some are free in the cytoplasm, others are attached to rER; consist of a protein and rRNA (catalyzes protein production)
rough endoplasmic reticulum
has ribosomes attached; involved with protein synthesis and secretion
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium in muscles; holds enzymes that metabolize active molecules
Golgi Complex (apparatus)
connected to the rough er and builds organelles through system of "cisternae"
chromatin
long, threadlike DNA in non-dividing cells
genetic transcription
DNA-directed synthesis of RNA
mRNA
gets its bases from DNA
tRNA
translates mRNA codons into amino acid sequences, tRNA has "anti codons"; they are small and carry an amino acid on the other in (1 tRNA per codon)
genetic translation
tRNA translating codons into amino acid sequences
necrosis
unnatural cell death which leads to tissue death
caspases
lysosomic enzymes which sense chemical signals and fragment DNA
interphase
cell at rest (chromatin, nucleus)
prophase
chromosomes seen (chromotids joined by centromere); centrioles move to opposite ends; spindle fibers appear; nuclear membrane starts to dissapear
metaphase
chromosomes line up on equator; spindle fibers attach; nuclear membrane is gone
anaphase
centromeres pull apart (chromatids separate)
telophase
cell divides, new nuclear membrane forms
cell respiration
the metabolic pathway that results in ATP; glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids are substrates
Glycolosis
converts glucose into 2 pyruvic acids; 4 ATP produced but net is only 2; 2 NADH produced
lactic acid
formed when H is given to pyruvic acid from NADH; to do anaerobic respiration or lactic acid fermentation
when pyruvic acids enter the matric of mitochondria, what are they converted to?
Acetyl CoA
kreb's cycle/citric acid cycle
produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH x2 = 2,6,2//
1. acetyl coa combines with a need work on this one