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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cytoskeleton
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latticework of protein microfilaments and microtubules; anchors some organelles, serves as transport, maintains shape
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Lysosomes
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contains over 60 digestive enzymes ("stomach of the cell")
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Autophagy
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"self eating"; when lysosomes destroy organelles
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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do red blood cells have a mitochondria?
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no
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mitochondria
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energy production organelle; "cristae" are folds which project into the "matrix"; provide ATP for cell respiration; all come from the mother's egg cell
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ribosome
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protein factory; some are free in the cytoplasm, others are attached to rER; consist of a protein and rRNA (catalyzes protein production)
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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has ribosomes attached; involved with protein synthesis and secretion
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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stores calcium in muscles; holds enzymes that metabolize active molecules
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Golgi Complex (apparatus)
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connected to the rough er and builds organelles through system of "cisternae"
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chromatin
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long, threadlike DNA in non-dividing cells
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genetic transcription
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DNA-directed synthesis of RNA
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mRNA
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gets its bases from DNA
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tRNA
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translates mRNA codons into amino acid sequences, tRNA has "anti codons"; they are small and carry an amino acid on the other in (1 tRNA per codon)
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genetic translation
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tRNA translating codons into amino acid sequences
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necrosis
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unnatural cell death which leads to tissue death
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caspases
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lysosomic enzymes which sense chemical signals and fragment DNA
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interphase
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cell at rest (chromatin, nucleus)
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prophase
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chromosomes seen (chromotids joined by centromere); centrioles move to opposite ends; spindle fibers appear; nuclear membrane starts to dissapear
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up on equator; spindle fibers attach; nuclear membrane is gone
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anaphase
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centromeres pull apart (chromatids separate)
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telophase
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cell divides, new nuclear membrane forms
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cell respiration
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the metabolic pathway that results in ATP; glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids are substrates
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Glycolosis
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converts glucose into 2 pyruvic acids; 4 ATP produced but net is only 2; 2 NADH produced
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lactic acid
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formed when H is given to pyruvic acid from NADH; to do anaerobic respiration or lactic acid fermentation
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when pyruvic acids enter the matric of mitochondria, what are they converted to?
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Acetyl CoA
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kreb's cycle/citric acid cycle
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produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH x2 = 2,6,2//
1. acetyl coa combines with a need work on this one |