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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Membrane (1) |
Proteins, carbs, phospholipid bilayers, cholesterol |
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Fluid Mosaic Model |
Cell membrane consists of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
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Cell Membrane (2) |
Selectively permeable Regulates what enters and exists cell |
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Selective Permeability |
Large macromolecules - cannot cross Lipid-soluble substances - pass through easily |
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Cell Membrane Proteins |
Channels, carriers, receptors for chemical messengers; neurotransmitters and hormones |
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Movement Across the Cell Membrane |
Accomplished by diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis |
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Diffusion |
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Active Transport |
Movement of molecules against a concentrated gradient |
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Endocytosis |
Mechanism by which cells take in substances via elaborate movements of cell membrane |
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Exocytosis |
Mechanism by which cells release materials when intracellular vesicles fuse with cell membrane |
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Nucleus |
Largest structure within the cell |
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Cytoplasm |
Semifluid medium between nucleus and cell membranes |
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Mitochondria |
Outer membrane; produces ATP |
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Cilia |
Multiple hair-like projections of cell membrane with microtubules; fallopian tubes |
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Flagellum |
Single hair-like projection of cell membrane with microtubules; sperm |
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Microvilli |
Finger-like projections of the cell membrane without microtubules |
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Cellular Metabolism |
All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell Occur in: cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus Metabolic pathways |
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Enzymes |
Speed up chemical reactions; end in: “-ase” |
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Coenzyme |
Substance that assists enzyme activity; NAD and FAD |
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Cellular Respiration |
The metabolic pathway that lead to ATP production Includes: aerobic cellular respiration |
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration |
Energy source: Glucose Requires: Oxygen Produces: 36 ATP from 1 glucose Involves: Glycolysis |
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Glycolysis |
Occurs in: Cytoplasm Involves: Converting 1 Glucose —> 2 Pyruvates Removal of H with electrons and converting NAD+ —> NADH Produces: 2 ATP |
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Preparatory Reaction |
Occurs in: Mitochondria matrix Converts: Pyruvate —> Acetyl CoA Involves: Removal of H with electrons Converting NAD+ —> NADH Releases: CO2 |
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Citric Acid Cycle |
Occurs: Mitochondria matrix Involves: Acetyl CoA (2) enter and are metabolized Removal of H with electrons Sig: Converts NAD+ —> NADH FAD —> FADH |
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Electron Transport Chain |
NADH Releases H with high energy electrons; Sig: NAD+ is regenerated |
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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration |
Syn: Fermentation Occurs when: adequate amount of oxygen not available |
