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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Artery |
Carries blood away from heart to the tissue |
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Function of vein |
Carries blood from tissues to the heart |
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Main artery? |
Aorta |
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Main vein? |
Vena cava |
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Describe double circulation |
Blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body. The blood flows to the lungs under high pressure. Then, having picked up oxygen at the lungs, the blood receive another "boost" of pressure from the heart to drive it out to the tissues, where the oxygen is needed. |
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Describe artery |
Blood is at high pressure Blood is rich in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide
Elastic walls expand and relax as blood is forced out the heart
Thick walls withstand the high pressure of blood |
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Vein characteristics |
Blood is at low pressure
Blood is low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide
Valves prevent the backflow of blood. Nearby muscles squeeze the veins and help push blood back towards the blood
Large diameter and thin walls reduce resistance to the flow of blood |
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What are capillaries? |
Dissolved substances move between the blood and tissues by diffusion across the walls of very fine blood vessels called capillaries. At the same time, waste materials produced by the tissues need to enter the blood to be carried away. DIFFUSION |
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Cells of tissue? Need and produce?! |
Need: oxygen and nutrients such as glucose and amino acids.
Produce: wastes such as carbon dioxide and some useful products such as hormones. |
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Describe the concentration gradients in capillaries |
The capillary beds are constantly supplied with fresh blood, keeping up the concentration gradients of dissolved substances between blood and tissues. |
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Describe the concentration gradients in capillaries |
The capillary beds are constantly supplied with fresh blood, keeping up the concentration gradients of dissolved substances between blood and tissues. |
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How is tissue fluid formed? |
Useful substances move out from plasma-formation of tissue fluid
Substances collected from cells
Tissue fluid is formed from plasma. Contains no blood cells or plasma proteins.
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How does the heart work? |
The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood coming from the tissues out to the lungs. The left side pumps oxygenated blood coming from the lungs out to the tissues. |
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How does the heart work? |
The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood coming from the tissues out to the lungs. The left side pumps oxygenated blood coming from the lungs out to the tissues. |
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Why is the left side of the heart more muscular than the right side? |
A much greater pressure is needed to force blood out to the extremities of the body for the left side than is needed to drive blood to the lungs. |
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Heart parts |
Pulmonary arteries- carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Semilunar valves- prevent blood running back into the ventricles when pressure falls during relaxation
Vena cava- returns deoxygenated blood from the head and lower body to the right atrium
Right atrium- receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
Aorta- carries oxygenated blood out to the tissues
Pulmonary vein- returns oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Left atrium- receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
Right ventricle- pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs
Left ventricle- receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium |
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Function of gallbladder |
Stores bile before releasing into small intestine |
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Heart parts |
Pulmonary arteries- carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Semilunar valves- prevent blood running back into the ventricles when pressure falls during relaxation
Vena cava- returns deoxygenated blood from the head and lower body to the right atrium
Right atrium- receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
Aorta- carries oxygenated blood out to the tissues
Pulmonary vein- returns oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Left atrium- receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs |
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Function of gallbladder |
Stores bile before releasing into small intestine |
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Function of pancreas |
Produces pancreatic juices which is poured into the small intestine |
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Function of liver, stomach, epiglottis and esophagus |
Liver- produces bikes, which helps to to neutralize chyme and also emulsified fats
Stomach- stores food and mixes food with acidic digestive juices to form chyme
Esophagus- helps food move to stomach by peristalsis
Epiglottis- prevents food from going into trachea |
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Function of liver, stomach, epiglottis and esophagus |
Liver- produces bikes, which helps to to neutralize chyme and also emulsified fats
Stomach- stores fold and mixes food with acidic digestive juices to form chyme
Esophagus- helps food move to stomach by peristalsis
Epiglottis- prevents food from going into trachea |
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What are the enzymes that the pancreas carry |
Amylase- conversion of starch to maltose Protease- peptides to amino acids Lipase- fats to fatty acids and glycerol |
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Lipase and bile |
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Bile emulsifies the data- it confers them from large globules into much smaller droplets, giving a greater surface area for the lipase to work on. |
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Lipase and bile |
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Bile emulsifies the data- it confers them from large globules into much smaller droplets, giving a greater surface area for the lipase to work on. |
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Why do we breath and eat? |
Breath- supply oxygen for mitochondria
Eat- small particles to be cut to create AT0 |
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Lipase and bile |
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Bile emulsifies the data- it confers them from large globules into much smaller droplets, giving a greater surface area for the lipase to work on. |
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Why do we breath and eat? |
Breath- supply oxygen for mitochondria
Eat- small particles to be cut to create AT0 |
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Function of villi |
Increase absorption in the small intestine . All foods absorbed into the capillaries of the villi are sent first to the liver. |
