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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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made of bonded units called monomers
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macromolecules
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a repeating chain of monomers
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polymer
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sugars and alcohols are hydrophobic/philic (polar hydroxyl OH groups)
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hydrophilic
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marcromolecules are synthesized by?
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dehydration
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macromolecules are broken down by?
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hydrolysis
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carbohydrates main function
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source of energy
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carbs are:
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a single sugar molecule or two bonded sugars
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carbs with a single sugar molecule
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monosaccharides
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molecules with the same composition, but arranged differently
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isomers
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two monosaccharides bonded together by covalent bonds
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disaccharides
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lipids are what in water?
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insoluble in water
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examples of lipids
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fats and oils
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main function of lipids
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energy storage
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components of the cell membrane
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phospholipids
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lipids that are hormones
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steroids
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two subunits in fats and oils
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1. glycerol- contains 3 polar -oh groups
2. fatty acids- long chain hydrocarbons- triglycerides contain 3 |
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fatty acids bond to the -oh groups of glycerol via ______ and are broken down by _____?
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dehydration, hydrolysis
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fatty acids: no double bonds between carbon atoms; solid at room temp
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saturated
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at least one double bond between c's; liquid at room temp
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unsaturated
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the kink in fatty acids are caused by what?
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double bonds.. more loosely packed, unsaturated fat
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what fats contribute to heart disease?
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sat. fats such as trans fat
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How are trans fats formed?
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Saturated fats are processed with concentrations of H and forced to form double bonds.
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components of the cell membrane and organelle membranes
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phospholipids
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hydrophilic phosphate group is a part of what?
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phospholipids
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lipids with 4 fused hydrocarbon rings
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steroids
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anabolic steroids
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synthetic, build bone and muscle mass, may cause liver damage and or cancer
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cholesterol is a part of what?
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plasma membrane
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cholesterol is a _____
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lipid
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LDL is what type of cholesterol?
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Bad-> on it's way to the tissues
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HDL is what type of cholesterol?
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good-> less likely to form plaque
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important functions of proteins:
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support(keratin-fingernails- collagen-skin), metabolic (enzymes), transport- moves substances in the body, defense- antibodies that protect against disease, regulatory- hormones, motion- actin and myosin allow muscle cells to contract
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amino acids are what of proteins?
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subunits
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