Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Astrocyte
|
Star shaped, wrap around the presynaptic terminals of a group of functionally related axons. Take up and release chemicals to keep the axons synchronized. Give neurons glucose and oxygen
Wrap around a group axon terminals which do the same thing. Take up and release chemicals so that group can synchronize. |
|
|
Microglia
|
A very small cell that removes waste material, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms.
|
|
|
Oligodendrocytes
|
Create myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord. Branch out and cover more than one axon.
|
|
|
Schwann cells
|
Create myelin sheaths in the periphery, covers only one axon.
|
|
|
Radial Glia
|
Guide migration of neurons and their axons during prenatal development
|
|
|
Electrical Gradient
|
Potassium (K+) wants in because it's negative inside.
Sodium also wants in because it's negative inside. |
|
|
Concentration Gradient
|
Potassium wants out because there is lots of potassium inside.
Sodium wants in because there is little sodium inside. |
|
|
Na+ K+ pumps
|
Pump out 3 sodium, pump in 2 potassium.
|
|
|
nodes of ranvier
|
spots on the axon between the myelin sheaths.
|
|
|
Salatory Conduction
|
Ions only enter and exit at nodes of ranvier, makes it go faster.
|
|
|
Multiple Sclerosis
|
Happens because immune system attacks myeling sheaths.
|
|
|
ionotropic effects
|
Fast going, but slow quickly
|
|
|
Metabotropic effect
|
Starts slow, lasts longer. Has 2nd messenger. 2nd messenger has a G protein.
|
|
|
Solipsism
|
It's all about me. I think therefore I am, but I don't know about you.
|
|
|
monism= the identity Position
|
Mental and neural activity are the same thing.
|
|
|
Easy Problem
|
To define consciousness as being awake or asleep.
|
|
|
Hard problem
|
To define consciousness as self-awareness. Book- Why and how any kind of brain activity is associated with consciousness.
|
|
|
Tinberger
|
four distinct answers
functional ontogenetic evolutionary physiological |
|
|
The ventricles are filled with blood
T/F |
False
|
|
|
The limbic system is located in the:
|
Forebrain
|
|
|
If a person's heart rate is slowing and digestion is being stimulated in the stomach and intestines, what part of the nervous system is active?
|
The parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
What structure controls basic life functions such as heart rate and breathing
|
The medulla
|
|
|
Most neurons have a "spontaneous firing rate" in which they periodically produce action potentials even when they are not receiving messages (i.e. neurotransmitters) from other neurons.
T/F |
True.
|
|
|
Delayed response Task is:
|
Stimulus appears briefly, and the individual must respond to the remembered stimulus after brief delay. Assesses functioning (working memory) in the prefrontal cortex.
|
|
|
The binding problem is:
|
How do different parts of the brain produce a perception of a single object. I.E. how do you know what you are seeing is also what you are hearing?
|
|
|
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
|
12
|
|
|
Cranial nerves:
|
Control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs:
some examples olfactory, optic, vagus. |
|
|
How many Laminae are there in the cerebral cortex?
|
6
|
|
|
Laminae:
|
Layers of cell bodies that are parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from each other by layers of fibers.
|
|
|
Ventricles
|
Tiny, nearly spherical packets near the axon terminals filled with neurotransmitters.
|
|
|
Limbic System
|
Structures in the forebrain important for emotion.
|
|
|
Parasympathetic nervous system
|
opposite of flight or fight response, slows heart rate, increases digestive activity.
|
|
|
medulla
|
in hindbrain. Just above spinal cord. Vital reflexes like heart rate, breathing, coughing, vomiting.
|
|
|
hypothalamus
|
Near the base of the brain. Bosses the pituitary around telling it what hormones to release.
|
|
|
Hippocampus
|
Large structure between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Helps in storing new memories.
|
|
|
Basal ganglia
|
Subcortical structures lteral to the thalamus. Planning sequences of behavior. Parkinsons and Huntingtons if they deteriorate- impaired movement.
|
|
|
Thalamus
|
Relays sensory information to the cortex.
|
|
|
Periaqueductal Gray (PAG)
|
Regulates pain. Endorphins.
|
|
|
frontal lobe
|
Personality. Impulse control. Long term planning.
|
|
|
Temporal lobe
|
Speech and language based memory.
|
|
|
Parietal lobe
|
Body in space, somatosensation.
|
|
|
Occipital lobe
|
Visual
|
|
|
Name the parts of the Hindbrain
|
Medulla
Pons Cerebellum |
|
|
What wakes up the brain?
|
Reticular Formation
|
|
|
Reticular Formation
|
Contained in the pons and cerebellum. Wakes up the brain through use of neurotransmitters.
|
|
|
Cerebellum
|
fine motor control
|
|
|
Where is the periaqueductal gray (PAG), and what does it do?
|
In the midbrain. It reduces pain by producing endorphins.
|
|
|
_________ reduces pain by producing endorphins.
|
Periaqueductal gray
|
|
|
Parts of the forebrain
|
basal ganglia
hypocampus thalamus hypothalamus pituitary cortex |
|
|
Where is the limbic system?
|
Forebrain
|
|
|
What makes up the limbic system?
|
Hippocampus
amygdala |
|
|
What does the limbic system do?
|
Important for emotion
|
|
|
Hippocampus
|
Part of the limbic system.
Important for creating new memories. |
|
|
Amygdala
|
Part of the limbic system
Important for fear. |
|
|
pituitary
|
Endocrine. Sends hormones. Gets orders from hypothalamus
|
|
|
Cortex
|
Most prominent part of the mammalian brain.
|
