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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe how a virus particle could be picked up by a macrophage animal cell and then sent to a lysosome, a special organelle where the virus is destructed. how could this happen even if the viral particle is too large to go through any membrane.
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by a form of endocytosis, the plasma membrane envaginates and the virus particle is taken to the golgi body by a vesicle. A similar process takes the virus to the lysosome.
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In cell biology lab, you are asked to gently break up cultured cells and isolate different organelles by centrifugation. Which organelle is likely to be pelleted at the lowest centrifuge speed?
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The nucleus because it's the heaviest organelle
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The plasma membrane of a nerve cell and the internal membrane in a chloroplast preform very different functions, yet both of them are essentially made up of phospholipid bilayers. What causes the difference in their functions?
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The proteins associated with these membranes are different, which are responsible for the unique function of each membrane.
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Why are Archaea now considered as a different class of prokaryote from bacteria?
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Because archaea have genes, enzymes, and metabolic process that are significantly different from bacteria.
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How do plants, animals, and fungi differ from each other?
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They differ in how they eat
plants - ingest and digest fungi - secrete digestive enzymes plants - photosynthesis |
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What are cytoskeletons? What are the three major classes of cytoskeletons? Arrange them relative to their size. Name one cellular funciton for each class.
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microfilament - actin, drives shape changes and membrane movement.
intermediate filament - coiled coil domain ex: nuclear lamina microtubule - chromosome, cell and vesicle movement |
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Describe the evidence in support of the endosymbiosis hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria.
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mitochondria have their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes similar to those in bacteria. The mitochondrial inner membrane is similar to a bacterial plasma membrane. An ancient eukaryotic cell engulfed a bacterial cell.
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What is wood made of? Why is it so strong that it is usually used as a building material.
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It is made of cellulose, a glucose polymer. All cellulose molecules are held together by numerous H-bonds, hence strong wood.
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What is the chemical definition of sugar?
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A sugar is a polyhydroxyl aldehyde or ketone with 3 or more carbond
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You probably know that P is present in DNA, RNA, and nucleotides. What is the other type of major biomolecule that also contains P? Where in this type of macromolecule do you expect to find P?
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in phospholipids; phosphorous in the form of phosphate is linked to the third carbon via an ester linkage.
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Mammals lack cellulose, an enzyme that degrades the B-1,4 linkages between glucose molecules in cellulose, However, many mammals rely on plants and derive energy from cellulose. How is this possible.
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These mammals harbor specific bacteria which synthesize and secrete cellulases in their GI tracts. These enzymes break down cellulose.
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Plants growing in cold climates tend to produce more unsaturated fatty acids. What is the potential benefit of having unsaturated fatty acids in cold environments? Explain yourself.
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A bent fatty acid makes for more membrane fluidity to compensate for the lack of fluidity due to cold temperatures.
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