• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/45

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What did the Stanley Miller experiment show?
Gases in the primitive atmosphere can react to produce small organic molecules.
How a protocell evolved
Coacervate droplets might have mixed with macromolecules.
Macroevolution
the large scale pattern of change taking place over very long time spans

ex. amphibians rise to reptiles
Evidence of Evolution
Fossils: remains or traces of an organism perserved in sediment or on a rock

-biogeographical
-anatomical
-biochemical
Paleontology
the study of fossils that results in knowledge about history of life
Fossil Dating:
-Relative Dating
Relies on the position of the fossil in relation to other fossils and layers in the earth
Fossil Dating:
-Absolute Dating:
uses isotopes (unstable radioactive elements decay into other elements at steady rate)

ex. carbon 14 to nitrogen 14
Darwin 1809-1882
5 year trip as naturalist on HMS Beagle

-Natural Selection
-Decent with Modification
Natural Selection
some organisms have traits that make them better suited in their environment therefore they survive and pass these traits off to offspring
Decent with Modification
living things share characteristics because of common decent
La Mark 1744 - 1829
descent with modification occurs due to desire for perfection.
acquired traits can be passed off to offspring.
Biogeographical Evidence
study of the range and distributions of life forms on earth.
Anatomical Evidence
early embryo strctures are very similar between organisms
Homologous structure
strcuturely same
fuction different
Analogous structure
structurely different
function same
Vestigual Structure
structre that are not needed anymore

ex. human tail bone
Biochemical Evidence
almost all living organisms use the same basic biochemicals, molecules.

ex. DNA, ATP, and enzymes
What causes variation w/in species?
population
Population
group of species occupyingthe same area
Members
vary from each other
Variation
the raw material for evolutionary chnage (microevolution)
Population genetics
studies the genetic variation in a population
Hardy Weingburg Genetic Equilibrium
The allele frequency in a gene pool population will stay the same gen. to gen. unless acted upon by outside influences.

-no mutations
-no migration into or out of (no gene flow)
-no genetic drift
-must mate randomly
-natural selection cannot occur

*since we cannot keep these things from happening, population would change and evolution will occur.*
Speciation
-Isolation (geographically and reproductively)
-Natural Selection
-Gene pool changes
-New Species form
Genetic Drift
Genetic alleles can become lost or enhanced in a population.
Founders' Effect
when a few individuals become the founders of a new population rare alleles and combinations may be enhanced

ex. Amish community 200 new 2 with dwarfism now it's common.
Bottleneck Effect
a small founder population becomes the same source of alleles.

ex. cheetahs 10,000 years ago crisis wiped out. limited variability in gene pool. susceptible to fatal diseases
Classification
The science of classifying is taxonomy.
6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plant
Animal
How organisms are classified
The way they get their nutrients, reproduce, cell structure, chemical make up, genes, embryo development.
Lions science name
Leo Felix
Binomial Nomenclature?
Linnaeus
Bacteria
OLDEST living dudes
Greatest # on earth
Most have cell wall with Capsule.
Autotroph or heterotroph
Capsule
protect it from harsh enviroment
Flagellum
help them move in watery surroundings
How to attach host
short hairs (pili)
Good and bad bacteria
Nitrogen fixing - good
decomposers - good
pathogens - bad
milk/yogurt - good
Bacteria Reproduction
Binary Fission - split to 2
-Asexual
Conjugation
2 cell connect and form bridge to share DNA.
Help bacteria become resistant to current drugs and antibiotics.
Shapes
Bacilli - rod shaped
Cocci - Sphere
Spirilla - spiral
VIRUS!
disease causing agent
contains DNA or RNA
borrow from Host cell
Capsid aka Protein Sheath protect DNA
non living must invade to reproduce
can mutate ergo evlove
Nanometer
10-9 meter
Attachment
-Enter thru ENDOCYTOSIS
-Inject nucleic acid
LYTIC
invade your cell
take over metabloism
make new virus
burst and infelct other
FAST
lysogenic
invade
inject
reproduce
unknown cause to be lytic later