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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Humans have 46 chromosomes
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that are 23 pairs within the nucleus
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Pairs of chromosomes are called
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homologous chromosomes
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Autosomes
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are the 22 pairs of chromosomes that control traits that do not relate to gender of an individual
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sex chromosomes
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are the 1 paid that contain the genes that do not control gender
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cells (body cells)that have 46 (2N) chromosomes are called
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diploid
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Cells (sex cells) that have only 23 (N) chromosomes not in pairs are called
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haploid
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Know 4 steps of cell cycle Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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only 10 percent of the cell cycle is division
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centrosome
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the microtubule organizing the center of the cell
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aster
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an array of microtubules that assist in the formation of spindle fibers
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prophase
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chromosomes condense and become visible
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
fully formed spindle |
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Anaphase
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sister chromatids separate at the centromeres and move toward the poles
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telephase
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chromosomes arrive at the poles
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overview of meiosis
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2 nuclear divisions occur to make 4 haploid cells
used to make gametes (egg and sperm) occurs in sex cells has 8 phases |
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crossing over
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is the exchange of genetic information between nonhomologous sister chromatids during synapsis
this occurs during prophase of meiosis and increases genetic variation |
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Prophase 1
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most important phase in meiosis
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mitosis
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growth and repair of cells, occurs in body cells
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nondisjunction
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occurs when both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell during meiosis
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monosomy
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cell has only one chromosome
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trisomy
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cell has 3 copies of a chromosome
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