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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the importance of weak bond interactions? What are said weak interactions? |
Hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces are important because they allow for interactions between molecules (like protein-protein interactions and Dna-protein interactions) to be easily reversed |
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Arrange the main types of chemicals bonds in order from strongest to weakest |
Covalent, Ionic, H-Bond, Van Der Waals
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What type of interaction does the gecko use to climb walls |
the gecko uses hydrogen bonding to climb walls |
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Differentiate between chemical reactions and physical ones |
Chem: Change the chemical arrangement/intramolecular arrangement of a molecule, often catalyzed by enzymes, often indicated by a precipitate, gas bubbles, colour change etc. Phys: change in intermolecular arrangement, state change. |
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what are the 4 properties of water essential to life and what makes them possible |
Cohesive behaviour, Ability to moderate temperature, Expands when frozen, Versatile solvent. Hydrogen bonding |
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Water can moderate temperature. Explain how sweat cools the body and the notion of evaporative cooling |
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Why does the density of water help da planet |
the fact that water is most dense at 4 degrees means that aquatic life can be sustained during the winter as only the top parts of ponds freeze |
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What is a solution, whats it made of |
a solution is a homogeneous mixture made up of a solute (dissolved substance) and a solvent (dissolver) |
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Hydrophilic and hydrophobic sollutions |
hydrophilic- likes water, can form hydrogen bonds hydrophobic- does not like water cannot form h bonds |
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what is acidosis |
a rapid drop in blood PH, falling below 7.35. results from increase in acid production loss of bicarbonate, failure of kidneys to excrete acidic waste, decreased blood flow, low o2, lactic acid accumulation, |
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explain polymerization and depolymerization and give their alternate names |
dehydration synthesis (remove water) and hydrolysis (add water) |
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Polysaccharide |
linked by glycosidic linkages, formed by dehydration |
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Amylose |
plant starch energy storage; alpha 1-4 |
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Glycogen |
animal starch energy storage, alpha 1-4 |
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Cellulose
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plant call wall beta 1-4 |
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Chitin |
Exoskeleton, fungi, Beta 1-4 |
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Cotton |
90% cellulose, so many h bonds |
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Cellulase |
enzyme produced by bacteria and fungi to degrade cellulose |
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what are the four types of lipids |
fats, oils, steroids, phospholipids |
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lipids are |
hydrophobic organic molecules |
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name 4 steroids |
cholesterol, testosterone, cortisol, vitamin d2 |
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define amphipathic and give 2 examples |
both polar and non polar, phillic and phobic. cholesterol and phospholipid |
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peripheral protein |
bound to the surface of the membrance |
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intergral protein |
penetrate the hydrophobic core, |
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transmembrane proteins |
intergral proteins that span the membrane |
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name the different types of integral transmembrane proteins |
transporters (channels and carriers) Receptor Enzyme Anchor |
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what are the functions of the transporters |
channels: hydrophilic pathway that allows polar molecules into the cell carriers: active transport protein that allows polar molecules into cell |
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functions of receptor sites |
attachement sites for other cells and signals. recognition communication and signal transduction |
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whats another word for signal |
ligand |
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what happens when insulin binds to a receptor |
in signal transduction, insulin binds to alpha receptors. this causes conformational change in the beta sub unit and the signal is sent to the cytoplasm to indicate insulins presence. Insulin then activates the receptor proteins kinase domain which phosphorylates insulin response substrate triggering cascade |
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where can one see transmembrane enzymes |
in the electron transport cycle |
