Bio Mid-Terms Freshmen

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Homeostasis

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Maintenance of constant and stable internal conditions.

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Metabolism

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Sum of all the chemical processes of an organism.

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Data

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Info gathered during an experiment.

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Hypothesis

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A proposed explanation to a scientific question.

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SEM

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Microscope that produces greatly magnified images of surface details.

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Reproduction

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Production of offspring

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Organ

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Structure made of tissues

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Autotrophs

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any organism capable of self-nourishment by using inorganic materials as a source of nutrients and using photosynthesis

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Heterotrophs

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An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent upon complex organic substances for nutrition.

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Homeostasis

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Maintenance of constant and stable internal conditions.

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Metabolism

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Sum of all the chemical processes of an organism.

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Data

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Info gathered during an experiment.

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Hypothesis

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A proposed explanation to a scientific question.

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SEM

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Microscope that produces greatly magnified images of surface details.

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Reproduction

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Production of offspring

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Organ

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Structure made of tissues

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Evolution

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See also natural selection a gradual change in the characteristics of a population of animals: accounts for the origin of existing species from ancestors unlike them

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Dependent Variables

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Variable that responds to changes and in an experiment.

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Independent Variables

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Factor that differs in the control group and the experimental group of an experiment.

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Theory

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When a hypotheses is backed confirms true with backed up data it is called a theory.

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units of measurements in metric system

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-Kilo
-Deci
-Centi
-Milli
-Micro

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Multicellular

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an example would be plants.

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Unicellular

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an example would be bacteria.

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compound light microscope

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used to view specimens mounted on a glass slide.

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TEM

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Microscope that produces a greatly magnified image of internal details.

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organ system

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A collection of organs that have related roles in an organism's functioning.

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Tissue

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A collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function.

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Scientific Method

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a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.

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STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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1.observing & asking question
2.Hypotheses
3.prediction 4.experimenting
5.Analyzing & drawing conclusions
6.Communicating conclusions 2others

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7 characteristics of life

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* Ordered
* Adaption
* Response to the environment
* Regulation
* Energy processing
* Reproduction
* Growth and development

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Polarity

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uneven distribution of change

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Cohesion

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The force of attraction that holds molecules of a given substance together.Cohesion of molecules causes drops to form in liquids (as when liquid mercury is poured on a piece of glass), and causes condensing water vapor to form the droplets that make clouds

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Adhesion

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The force of attraction that causes two different substances to join. Adhesion causes water to spread out over glass.

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capillarity

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The interaction between contacting surfaces of a liquid and a solid that distorts the liquid surface from a planar shape.

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PROPERTIES OF WATER

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1. Adhesion: water tends to stick unlike substances (i.e. water sticking to blood vessels)

2. Cohesion: which water molecules clings together due to Hydrogen bonding; the surface film (top layer of water) is held by surface tension (i.e. spilled water forming a puddle)

3. Solvency: water is considered a universal solvent for its ability to dissolve a wide range of substance since it is a polar molecule (i.e. salt or sugar dissolving in water)

4. Chemical reactivity: water can participate in chemical reactions (i.e. involvement of water molecules in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis)

5. Thermal stability: water has a high heat capacity, so it requires a lot of energy to heat up; requires 1 cal to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree C (i.e. stability of the ocean's temperature during summer and winter)

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Acids

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generally have a sour taste and can be corrosive

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bases

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have a slippery consistency and a bitter taste

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Nucleic acids

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large and complex organic molecules. function in storing hereditary information. Made up of DNA and RNA.

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Lipids

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Organic compounds composed of oxygen and many carbon and hydrogen atoms. LARGE a nonpolar molecules that dont dissolve in water. Function storing energy. Most lipids are long unbranched cardbon chains called fatty acids.