Bio Lecture Exam 2

Front 1

Two types of metabolic pathways

Back 1

Aerobic & Anerobic

Front 2

Eukaryotic cells perform ____________ resperation. Occurs inside the _________________.

Back 2

Aerobic; Mitochondrion.

Front 3

4 steps of cellular resperation

Back 3

1. Glycosis
2. Acetyl-COA
3. Krebs Cycle
4. (ETP) ATP formation

Front 4

Goal of resperation: Convert __________ to ________+_____&_____.

Back 4

Glucose; Pyruvate + ATP & NADH.

Front 5

Glucose comes from...

Back 5

Plants

Front 6

During glycosis, glucose is broken down in the ____________.

Back 6

Cytoplasm

Front 7

Acetyl-COA: _________ are broken down into acetyl-COA & ________.

Back 7

Pyruvates; Co2

Front 8

During Krebs cycle: Acetyl-COA is broken down, _______, ________, & ______ are produced.

Back 8

NADH; FADH; ATP.

Front 9

During ETP (ATP form.), ____ is converted to ATP.
_____ is also formed. ____ (#) ATPs are produced.

Back 9

ADP; H2O; 36.

Front 10

3 stages of a cell's life cycle:

Back 10

1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. Cytoplasmic Divistion

Front 11

3 reasons for mitosis:

Back 11

1. Growth
2. Repair
3. Asexual Reproduction

Front 12

Stage of mitosis when nucleolus disappears & duplicated chromosomes are visible.

Back 12

Prophase

Front 13

Stage of mitosis when duplicated chromosomes line up midway between spindle poles.

Back 13

Metaphase

Front 14

Stage of mitosis when sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated & pulled to opposite spindle poles.

Back 14

Anaphase

Front 15

Stage of mitosis when nuclear envelopes forms around each cluster of chromosomes.

Back 15

Telophase

Front 16

Division in animal cells happens on a ______ _________.

Back 16

Cleavage Furrow

Front 17

Division in a plant cell happens on a _______ _______.

Back 17

Cell Plate

Front 18

Cancer develops if: control over cell division is lost, causing ________ and if the cells become ____________.

Back 18

Neoplasms; Malignant.

Front 19

Term for when cancer cells invade other body parts.

Back 19

Metastasis

Front 20

Type of cells that go through mitosis

Back 20

Somatic/body cells

Front 21

Type of cells that go through meiosis

Back 21

germ/sex cells

Front 22

Total number of cells produced from mitosis:

Back 22

2

Front 23

Total number of cells produced from meiosis:

Back 23

4

Front 24

When 2 heterozygous individual's two traits are crossed, the ratio is __:__:__:__
(ex. PPTT X pptt; or PpHh X PpHh.)

Back 24

9:3:3:1

Front 25

Man who studied genetics & cross-fertilized pea plants.

Back 25

Gregor Mendel

Front 26

Observable traits in an individual (hair color, eye color, etc.)

Back 26

Phenotype

Front 27

P-_____________
F- ____________
F1-___________
F2-____________

Back 27

Parents
Offspring
First gen. Offspring
Second gen. Offspring

Front 28

Way to calculate the probability of genotype outcomes on a chart.

Back 28

Punnett Squares

Front 29

Mendel's Law of Segregation: Observed a ratio of _______ for monohybrid crosses.

Back 29

3:1
(3 dominant, 1 recessive)

Front 30

"Genes are distributed independentally of other gene pairs. (Result of dyhybrid crosses.)"

Back 30

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Front 31

Two non-identical alleles both fully expressed at the same time in heterzygotes, neither is dominant or recessive.

Back 31

Codominance

Front 32

One allele is not fully dominant over its partner.

Back 32

Incomplete Dominance

Front 33

One gene influences multiple traits.

Back 33

Pleiotrophy

Front 34

Genotype + environment = ____________

Back 34

Phenotype

Front 35

__________+ environment = Phenotype

Back 35

Genotype

Front 36

Continuous traits in a population often follow a ____ curve.

Back 36

Bell

Front 37

3 components of DNA nucleotide

Back 37

1. Nitrogen Group
2. Phosphate Group
3. 5-carbon sugar

Front 38

The two pyrimidines:

Back 38

Thymine & Cytosine

Front 39

The two purines:

Back 39

Adenine & Guanine

Front 40

Enzyme in DNA replication that breaks hydrogen bonds between strands.

Back 40

DNA Helicase

Front 41

Enzyme in DNA replication that untwists the double helix.

Back 41

Topoisomerase

Front 42

Enzyme in DNA replication that joins free nucleotides into a new strand of DNA.

Back 42

DNA Polymerase

Front 43

Enzyme in DNA replication that joins DNA segments on the discontinuous strand.

Back 43

DNA Ligase

Front 44

The suffix "-ase" means the word is an...

Back 44

Enzyme

Front 45

DNA -> ______________ -> mRNA -> _________________ -> Protein

Back 45

Transcription; Translation.

Front 46

______ -> Transcription -> ________ -> Translation -> ________

Back 46

DNA; mRNA; Protein.

Front 47

RNA uses __________ in place of thymine.

Back 47

Uracil

Front 48

Contains information transcribed from DNA

Back 48

mRNA

Front 49

Where polypeptide chains are built

Back 49

rRNA

Front 50

Delivers amino acids to ribosomes

Back 50

tRNA

Front 51

The genetic code consists of _____ (#) mRNA codons (triplets).

Back 51

64

Front 52

Translation occurs in the...

Back 52

Cytoplasm

Front 53

The "start" codon.

Back 53

AUG

Front 54

Exchange of segments between nonsister chromatids of a tetrad during mitosis

Back 54

Crossing-Over

Front 55

Cancer-causing gene that transforms normal cells into a tumor.

Back 55

Oncogene

Front 56

The bell curve shows a __________ range of _________.

Back 56

Continuous; Variation.

Front 57

The ratio of genotypes of an offspring of 2 heterzygous parents.

Back 57

75% Dominant
25% Recessive
(3:1)

Front 58

Mutation that causes adding or deleting one of the base pairs.

Back 58

Frameshift Mutation

Front 59

DNA is ___________ stranded, RNA is ______________ stranded.

Back 59

Double; Single.

Front 60

Recombinant DNA is made from 2 sources: One carries carries a gene of ___________, the other is a ____________.

Back 60

Interest; Carrier (vector).

Front 61

_________ ___________ organisms contain one or more genes introduced by artificial means

Back 61

Genetically modified.

Front 62

_____________ ______________ contain at least one gene from another species.

Back 62

Transgenic organisms.

Front 63

The alteration of a person's genes to alleviate an illness.

Back 63

Gene therapy.

Front 64

Which stage of mitosis is shown?

Back 64

Anaphase

Front 65

Which stage of mitosis is shown?

Back 65

Metaphase