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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do atoms joined together by covalent bonds form?
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molecules
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What is an organic compound?
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A compound that contains carbon
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What are the simplest organic compounds and what do they contain?
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Hydrocarbons...containing hydrogen and carbon
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Name two hydrocarbons
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Butane and Isobutane
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Name the four functional groups
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Amino Group
Carboxyl Group Hydroxyl Group Phosphate Group |
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What is a Hydroxyl Group?
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-OH
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What is a phosphate group?
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-PO4
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What is a carboxyl group?
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-COOH
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What is an Amino Group?
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-NH2
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What is a carbonyl group?
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C=O
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Name the 4 most common macromolecules
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Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid |
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What process makes Macromolecules?
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Dehydration synthesis
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What process breaks macromolecules?
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Hydrolysis
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What are proteins made up of?
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Monomer subunits called amino acids
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What does each amino acid contain?
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an amino group
a carboxyl group an R group variable. |
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What are amino acids linked by?
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peptide bonds
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When amino acids are linked they become...?
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polypeptides (protein)
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What is denaturing?
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When a protein unfolds and becomes inactive
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What are chaperone proteins?
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They fold new proteins
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What folds a protein?
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chaperone proteins
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What is the relationship between proteins and enzymes?
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Almost all enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are enzymes
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What do nucleic acids do?
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Control the life of a cell
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What are two examples of nucleic acids?
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DNA and RNA
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Nucleic acids are made up of...
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long polymers of repeating repeating monomer subunits called nucleotides
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What makes up a nucleotide?
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Phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base
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What are the differences between the structure of DNA and RNA?
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DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose, with the bases of AGCT. It is double stranded.
RNA uses the sugar Ribose and the bases AGCU and is single stranded. |
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Compare a gene to DNA
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A gene is a section or sequence of DNA
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What is the behavioral difference between DNA and RNA?
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DNA info is transcribed on RNA.
RNA info is transcribed into primary structure of proteins |
