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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the six atoms commonly found in biological tissues?
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CHOPN
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What are the different types of non covalent bonds? (from least to greatest)
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van der waals interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bond, ionic bond
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Describe and explain hydrogen bonds.
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They arise because electrons in covalent bonds are not always shared equally (polar covalent bonds). The hydrogen bond is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and is at the same time is pulled by a strongly electronegative atom.
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Describe and explain van der waals interactions?
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It is the transient interaction of nonpolar substances in close proximity. It is due to the transient random variation in electron distribution.
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Non-polar hydrocarbons are what? Why?
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They are hydrophobic while polar hydrocarbons are hydrophilic.
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what four kinds of macromolecules are present in all living things?
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proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids
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What is condensation and hydrolysis?
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condensation - connect two molecules and out pops a water molecule
hydrolysis - put in a water molecule and connects two molecules |
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The functions of macromolecules are directly related to their what?
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shape
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The sequence and chemical properties of monomers determine what?
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macromolecular shape
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What are the used of carbohydrates
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energy source, energy store, and metabolic intermediates, structural framework of DNA and RNA, structural elements in the cell walls of bacteria and plants
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define monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide
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1 monomer, 2 monomers, 3-20 monomers, >20 monomers
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What is the general form for a monosaccharide
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(CH20)n
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What do two glucose with an alpha-1,4 linkage form?
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maltose
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What do two glucose with a beta-1,4 linkage form?
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lactose
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What does the condensation reaction between alpha-D glucose and fructose form
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sucrose
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Lactose in bacteria is degraded by B-galactosidase. What breaks it down in humans.
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lactase
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What is glycogen?
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The storage form of glucose in animals; highly branched
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What is starch?
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The storage form of glucose in plants. Not as highly branched
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What is cellulose?
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Structural element in plant cell walls; unbranched chains of glucose monomers
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What are monomers?
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Water insoluble biomolecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform
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What do lipids do?
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Major component of biological membrane, energy source and storage, signaling molecules, structural and architectural
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What are the three types of lipids?
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tri(acyl)glycerides: storage
Phospholipids: membrane steroids: signaling |
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What are the components of triglycerids?
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glycerol+fatty acids connected by ester linkages. Chains are typically 18-24 carbons
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What is the difference between an unsaturated fatty acid and a saturated fatty acid?
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saturated - no double bonds, straight
unsaturated - at least one double bond, bent |
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Which fatty acids are good for you
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w-3 and w-6
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What is a common phospholipid
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phosphatidylcholine
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What is the difference between cis and trans?
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cis - bent
trans - straight |
