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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristics of cells
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all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things all cells are produced from other cells |
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modern cell theory
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cells perform the functions of life
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robert hooke
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(invented microscope) – Cellulae (Latin “small rooms”)
– Observed cork cells (dead) |
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matthias schleden
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identified plants were multi cellular with individual functioning units
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theodor schwann
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Reported that animal cells, like plants consisted of multiple independent units.
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prokaryotes
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small simple structure
non membrane bound organelles cytoplasm is surrounded by plasma membrane and encased n a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan flagella for movement adherence and protection- slime layers, pili or fimbriae act like velcro usually a 1 or rarely 2 circular dna strand coiled into nucleoid |
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plasmids
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small extra chromosomal dna
replicate independently of cell plasmids are considered transferable genetic elements autonomous replication within a suitable host |
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bacteria normally reproduce....
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aesexually, by themselves
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features of eukaryotes
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much larger than prokaryotes
more complex structurally than prokaryotes |
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eukaryotes
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Mitosis
• Development, growth, maintenance, repair, asexual reproduction – Meiosis • Basis of sexual reproduction |
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aesexual reproduction in eukaryotes
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ormation of offspring without the union of male and female gametes
– Offspring are “clones” – Common in protists, and some multicellular organisms like sponges, hydra, and some plants |
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endosymbiont theory
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Eukaryotes posses membrane bound organelles. • Postulates that
– The mitochondria of eukaryotes evolved from aerobic bacteria living within their host cell. – The chloroplasts of eukaryotes evolved from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. |
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parthenogenesis
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is an aesexual form orf reproduction found in females, not limited... in reptiles, sharks, rarely birds, fish
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key feature of eukaryotic cells
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compartmentalization- organelles
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mitochondria
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energy centers
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which parts of a cell are not in animal cells, but in plants
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centrral vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast
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evidence of the edosymbiont theory
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• Similar construction and composition of external
cell membranes. • Organelles divide by simple fusion similar to bacteria. Genetic material is circular, like that seen in bacteria. • Divide genetic materials separate from the cell which it is in. • Have their own mechanisms of DNA repair and replication. |
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aspects of an animal cell, not in plant cells
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centriole, lysosome, flagellum
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plasma membrane
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completely surrounds each cell
regulates exchange communicates with other cells |
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phospholipids
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– Hydrophilic heads form outer
borders – Hydrophobic tails ‘hide’ inside bilayer |
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fluid mosaic model
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Proteins are embedded
within the bilayer – Move freely or are anchored to filaments |
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selectively permeable
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Allow some substances to cross, but not others
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