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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissues
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a group of similar cells that perform a specific function
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What are the four major tissue tyoes?
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Epithelium
Connective Muscle Nerve |
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What are the four functions of Epithelial Tissues?
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Physical Protection
Control Permeability Provide Sensation Produce Secretions |
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What are some examples of physical protection from epithelial tissues?
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Dehydration, abrasions
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How does epihelial tissues control permeability?
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Substances must pass thru epithelium to enter or leave
How does epithelial tisue provide sensation? |
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How does epithelial tisue provide sensation?
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It contains sensory cells
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What type of epithial tissues produce secretions?
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Glandular epithelium
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What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
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Many Cells bound closely together.
Polarity Attachment Asvascular Regeneration |
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Epithelial tissue has many cells bound ___ together, little ___ material; is inconnected by ___ ___
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*closely
*intercellular *cell junctions |
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Cell Junction
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point of contact between adjacent cell membranes
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Tight Junction
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form tight seals between cells; prevent fliud and solutes from a lumen in a tube from leaking into the epithelial tissues.
(gastrointestinal lining, urinary bladder) |
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Desmosomes
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*adhesion junction
*anchoring like a rivet/spot weld *found in tissues subject to stress and stretching (neck of uterus, outerlayer of skin, Cardiac muscle) |
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Gap Junctions
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*rapid intercellular communications
*adjacent cells held together by junction proteins called connexons *found in cardiac and smooth muscle for synchronized contraction, and epithelial cells b/c of the tighly packed cells when they divide |
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connexons
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form fluid filled channels so ions and small molecules can pass from cell to cell.
Allow electrochemical or chemical signals to pass thru |
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How is epithelial polar?
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have apical (free surface), exposed to body cavity or external environment
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How is epithelial tissue attachted
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Base of the tisu bound to basemnet membrane or basil lamina
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Avascular - Epithelial Tissue
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lack blood vessels; gets nutrition by diffusion or absorption from apical surface or attached surface from underlying connective tissue.
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Regeneration - Epithelial Tissue
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high degree in epithelial tissue, damages easily, replaced often.
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How do you classify epithilial tissue?
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Cell shape and number of layers.
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What are the cell shapes of epithelial tissue?
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Squamous - flat
columnar - column cubodial - cube |
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What are the names of the different layers of epithelial tissue?
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Simple - 1 layer
Stratified - many layers Pseudostratified - looks like many layers, but really just 1 layer |
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What are the types of epithelial tissue?
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Simple Squamous
Stratified Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar |
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Simple Squamous Epithelial
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*absorption and diffusion, reduce friction
*lines ventral body cavity - mesothelium (pleura, peritoneum, pericardium) *lines blood vessels - endothelium (chambers of the heart) |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelial
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*protection
*external skin - protein filaments (keratin - tough & water resistant) *internal - not keratinized; lines esophagos, oral cavity, etc |
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
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*Secretions and absorption
*lines kidney tubules & smaller ducts of glands |
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Simple Columnar Epithelial
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*Secretion & Absorption
*nonciliated - line GI tract & ducts of some glands, may havemicro villi *ciliated - sweep particles away, upper respiratory tract, oviducts |
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial
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*single layer appears as many
*upper respiratory tract, large ducts of glands, epidiymis *have silia |
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Goblet Cells
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*secrete mucous
*found in both simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelial tissues |
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Glandular Epithelial
Endocrine |
ductless, secrete horomones directly into the blood stream/ interstitial fluid
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Glandular Epithelial
Exocrine |
have ducts; secretions diffuse directly into tubes/ducts; reach the lume or surface of the hollow organ
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What are the modes of exocrine secretion?
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Merocrine Glands,
Apocrine Glands, Holocrine Glands |
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Merocrine Glands
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most abundant; form secretions and discharge it from the cells of the glands
Ex. Salivary & Sweat Glands |
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Apocrine Glands
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apical portion of cell, filled with secretory product is shed
Ex. Mammary glands |
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Holocrine Glands
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entire cell with secretory contents burst and dies
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What are the functions of connective tissue?
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*Structural framework of the body
*transports fluid & dissolved material (blood) *protection (bones) *supporting & interconnecting other types of tissue *storing energy *defending body tissues from invading microorganisms |
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What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
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*most abundant and durable tissue
*few cells *abundant intercellular material called matrix *vascualr (except cartilage) |
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What are the different types of fibers in connective tissues?
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Collagen
Reticular Elastic |
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Collagen Fibers
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most abundant structural protein in the body; great tensile strength; thick, unbranched; abundant in dense connective tissue
Ex. bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments) |
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Reticular Fibers
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similar to collagen but thinner, branched network, stabilizes organs (liver, spleen); network around skeletal & smooth muscle
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Elastic Fibers
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protein elastin; provide strength, pliable, can stretch 150%, then relax; plentiful in skin, blood vessels, and lung tissue.
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What are the different cell types in connective tissue?
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Fibroblast
Plasma Cells Mast Cells Macrophages Mesechymal Cells |
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Connective Tissue
Fibroblast |
*most abundant
*produce fibers |
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Connective Tissue
Plasma Cells |
produce antibodies
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Connective Tissue
Mast Cells |
*found near blood vessels
*release anticoagulants (heperin) & histamine after injury or infection |
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Connective Tissue
Macrophages |
engulf foreign particles from tissues
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Connective Tissue
Mesenchymal Cells |
Stem cells, differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.
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What are the types of connective tissues?
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Loose Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue |
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Losse Connective Tissue
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*fills space between organs, supports epithelium
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What are two types of loose connective tissue?
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Areloar & Adipose
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Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar Tissue |
*highly vascular
*widely distributed *injection site *supply epithelial tissue with O2 & nutrients |
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Loose Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue |
*cells called adipocytes
*store triglycerides *insulators *energy reserve *protect organs |
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Dense Connective Tissue
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*numerous
*thicker *densly packed fibers *fewer cells than loose connective tissue |
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What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Elastic Connective Tissue |
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue
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*collagen fibers parrallel; tighly packed
*Tendonsm aponeuroses, ligaments |
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Tendons _____muscle to ____
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tie; bone
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Aponeuroses
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sheet like tendon joining 1 or several bones
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Ligaments ____ bone to ____
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link; bone
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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*collagen fibers irregularily arranged
*heart valves, perichondrium, periosteum |
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Perichondrium
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sheath around cartilage
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Periosteum
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sheath around bone
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Elastic Connective Tissue
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abundant elastic fibers
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What are the two types supporting connective tissue?
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Cartilage
Bone |
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Cartilage
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*dense network of collagen & elastin
*Chondrotinsulfate resilience |
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Chondrocytes
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*cartilage cells
*located in lacunae |
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What are the different types of cartilage?
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Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage Fibro-Cartilage |
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Hyaline Cartilage
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*most common
*fine collagen fibers not visible *located in trachea & bonchi, nose, ends of long bones, b/t ribs and sternum |
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Articular Hyaline Cartilage
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ends of long bones
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Costal Hyaline Cartilage
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b/t ribs and sternum
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Elastic Cartilage
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*numerous elastic fibers
*resilient & flexible *locates ub outer ear, & the epiglotis |
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Fibro-Cartilage
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*bundles of callagen fibers
*strongest cartilage *located in intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis joint, menisci |
