Bio Lab Practicum

Front 1

What are mammals characterized by?

Back 1

mammary glands and hair

Front 2

WHat are males and females characterized by?

Back 2

external genitals

Front 3

What does it mean to be a placental mammal?

Back 3

Development occurs in the uterus of the mother

Front 4

What is the umbilical cord attached to in the mother?

Back 4

the Placenta

Front 5

What are tetrapods?

Back 5

Animals with 4 limbs

Front 6

Oral Cavity

Back 6

The space of the mouth that contains the tongue and the teeth

Front 7

Pharynx

Back 7

The dorsal to the Oral cavity and has three openings

Front 8

What are the three openings of the Pharynx?

Back 8

The glottis, Esophagus and nasopharynx

Front 9

The Glottis

Back 9

Opening through WHich air passes on its way to the trachea and lungs

Front 10

Trachea

Back 10

The windpipe

Front 11

Esophagus

Back 11

A tube that takes food to the stomach.

Front 12

nasopharynx

Back 12

lead to the nasal passages

Front 13

Hard palate

Back 13

the ridged roof of the mouth that separates the oral cavity from the nasal passages

Front 14

Soft palate

Back 14

smooth region posterior to the hard palate

Front 15

Uvula

Back 15

extension of the soft palate. Pigs do not have these

Front 16

Epiglottis

Back 16

A flap that covers the glottis, prevents things (food) from going down into the lungs

Front 17

Diaphram

Back 17

separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Front 18

Central region of the diaphragm

Back 18

Central tendon, a membranous area

Front 19

Cavities of the pig

Back 19

Oral, Thoracic, abdominal

Front 20

What are the organs in the neck region?

Back 20

Thymus glad, Larynx, Trachea, and thyroid gland

Front 21

Thymus gland

Back 21

part of the lymphatic system. Certain white blood cells called T lymphocytes mature in here and help fight disease

Front 22

Larynx

Back 22

Voice box. Sits atop the trachea

Front 23

Thyroid gland

Back 23

secretes hormones that travel in the blood and act upon other body cells. The hormones regulate the rate at which metabolism occurs in cells

Front 24

What are the three compartments of the thoracic cavity?

Back 24

left pleural cavity, right pleural cavity and pericardial cavity

Front 25

WHat does the left pleural cavity contain?

Back 25

the left lung

Front 26

What does the right pleural cavity contain?

Back 26

right lung

Front 27

WHat does the pericardial cavity contain?

Back 27

the heart

Front 28

What does the trachea divide into, which enters the lungs?

Back 28

the bronchi

Front 29

Peritoneum

Back 29

a membrane that lines the abdominal wall and organs. that consists of epithelium supported by connective tissue

Front 30

Mesenteries

Back 30

Double layered sheets of peritoneum. Project from the body wall and support the organs.

Front 31

Largest organ in the abdomen

Back 31

Liver

Front 32

Functions of the liver

Back 32

1) disposes worn out red blood cells
2)produces bile
3) stores glycogen
4) maintains blood glucose level
5) produces blood proteins

Front 33

What organs does the abdominal cavity contain?

Back 33

Liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

Front 34

Functions of the stomach

Back 34

Stores food and has gastric glands that secret gastric juice, that digests protein

Front 35

Functions of small intestine

Back 35

receives secretions from pancreas and gallbladder. An area for digestion of all components of food. Absorbs the products of digestion as well (glucose, fatty acids etc)

Front 36

Large Intestine

Back 36

absorbs water and prepares feces for defecation at the anus

Front 37

Gallbladder

Back 37

Stores and releases bile- which aids the digestion of fat

Front 38

Pancreas

Back 38

Exocrine and endocrine gland. Produces and secretes pancreatic juice which digests components of food in small intestine. Secretes hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream- which regulates blood glucose levels

Front 39

Spleen

Back 39

Contains both white and red blood cells. Purifies blood and disposes of worn out red blood cells

Front 40

What is the anterior end of the small intestine that meets the stomach?

Back 40

Duodenum

Front 41

WHat is the main portion of the large intestine called?

Back 41

Colon

Front 42

What is the last portion in the large intestine, which is in the pelvic region?

Back 42

rectum

Front 43

What does the rectum leads to?

Back 43

the anus

Front 44

What are the two systems that are referred to as the urogenital system?

Back 44

Urinary and reproductive

Front 45

WHat does the urinary system contain?

Back 45

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Front 46

FUnction of the kidneys

Back 46

produces urine

Front 47

Function of the Ureters

Back 47

transport urine to the urinary bladder

Front 48

Function of the Urinary bladder

Back 48

where urine is stored

Front 49

Function of the Urethra

Back 49

Transports urine to the outside. In males: transports sperm

Front 50

Peritoneum

Back 50

Membrane that anchors the kidneys to the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity

Front 51

Renal pelvis

Back 51

an irregular, cavity like reservoir thats at the center of the medial portion of the kidney

Front 52

renal cortex

Back 52

shows many small striations perpendicular to the outer surface

Front 53

renal medulla

Back 53

inward from the renal cortex. Composed of nephrons

Front 54

What make up the male reproductive system?

Back 54

the tests, epididymides, vasa deferent, urethra, penis, seminal vesicles,

Front 55

Testis

Back 55

Produces sperm and sex hormones

Front 56

Epididymis

Back 56

stores sperm as they mature

Front 57

Vas Deferens

Back 57

Conducts and stores sperm

Front 58

Seminal Vesicle

Back 58

Contributes secretions to semen

Front 59

Prostrate gland

Back 59

Contributes secretions to semens

Front 60

Urethra

Back 60

Conducts sperm

Front 61

Bulbourethral glands

Back 61

Contributes secretions to semen

Front 62

Penis

Back 62

Organ of copulation

Front 63

WHat connects the scrotal sacs to the body cavity?

Back 63

Inguinal canal

Front 64

What makes up the female reproductive system?

Back 64

ovaires, oviducte, uterus, vagina, and in pigs: uterine horns

Front 65

Function of the ovary

Back 65

Produces egg and sex hormones

Front 66

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Back 66

Conducts egg toward uterus

Front 67

Uterus

Back 67

Houses developing fetus

Front 68

Vagina

Back 68

Receives penis during copulation and serves as birth canal

Front 69

Uterine horns

Back 69

external structures in pigs that divide the uterus

Front 70

What organ and pathways does the cardiovascular system contain?

Back 70

Heart, Pulmonary circuit, and the systematic circuit

Front 71

WHat are the four main parts of a mammalian heart?

Back 71

right and left atrium, and right and left ventricle

Front 72

What role does the right of the heart perform?

Back 72

sends blood through the smaller pulmonary circuit

Front 73

WHat is the role of the left side of the heart?

Back 73

sends blood through the much larger systematic circuit

Front 74

What does the respiratory system contain?

Back 74

the lungs and the structures that conduct air to and from the lungs

Front 75

Pulmonary trunk

Back 75

leaves ventral side of heart from the top of the right ventricle and passes forward diagonally before branching into the right and left pulmonary arteries

Front 76

aorta

Back 76

arises from the anterior end of the left ventricle, dorsal to the origin of the pulmonary trunk. Bends to the animal's left as the aortic arch

Front 77

Venae Cavae

Back 77

the superior and inferior venae cave enter the right atrium. They bring blood from the head and body, to the heart.

Front 78

Pulmonary Veins

Back 78

Return blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Front 79

Chordae Tendineae

Back 79

hold the atrioventricular valves in place while the heart contracts. Extend from the papillary muscles

Front 80

What system is the spinal cord a part of?

Back 80

central nervous system

Front 81

Gray Matter

Back 81

a central, butterfly shaped area composed of masses of short nerve fibers, interneurons and motor neuron cell bodies

Front 82

White matter

Back 82

masses of long fibers that lie outside the gray matter and carry impulses up and down the spinal cord

Front 83

What is the enlarged, anterior end of the nerve cord?

Back 83

The brain

Front 84

Function of brain

Back 84

Contains parts and centers that receive input from and can command other regions of the nervous system

Front 85

Medulla oblongata

Back 85

most posterior portion of the brain stem. Controls internal organs. Nerve impulses travel from the spinal cord through the medulla to higher brain regions.

Front 86

Pons

Back 86

ventral, bulblike enlargement on the brain stem. Serves as a passageway for nerve impulses running between the medulla and the higher brain regions

Front 87

Ventricles

Back 87

Interconnecting spaces that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions the brain.

Front 88

Midbrain

Back 88

Anterior to the pons. Serves as a relay station for sensory input and motor output. Contains a reflex center for eye muscles.

Front 89

Diencephalon

Back 89

portion of the brain where the third ventricle is located .

Front 90

WHat is located in the Diencephalon?

Back 90

Hypothalamus and thalamus

Front 91

Hypothalamus

Back 91

forms the floor of the third ventricle and contains control centers for appetite, body temperature, and water balance. Primary function is homeostasis. Centers for pleasure, pain and reproductive behavior

Front 92

Thalamus

Back 92

Two connected lobes located in the roof of the third ventricle. HIghest portion of the brain to receive sensory impulses before the cerebellum . Called the gatekeeper to the cerebellum.

Front 93

Cerebellum

Back 93

Located just posterior to the cerebrum.

Front 94

Cerebrum

Back 94

Most developed area of the brain and responsible for higher mental capabilities.

Front 95

What is the cerebrum divided into?

Back 95

right and left cerebral hemispheres

Front 96

WHat joins the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Back 96

the corpus callosum

Front 97

What are the parts of the outer portion of the cerebrum?

Back 97

Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe

Front 98

Frontal lobe

Back 98

COntrols motor functions and permits voluntary muscle control. Responsible for abilities to think, problem solve, and speak

Front 99

Parietal lobe

Back 99

Receives information from sensory receptors located in the skin. Helps in understanding speech.

Front 100

Occipital lobe

Back 100

Interprets visual input and also combines visual images with other sensory experiences.

Front 101

Central sulcus

Back 101

separates frontal and parietal lobe

Front 102

Temporal lobe

Back 102

Sensory areas for hearing and smelling

Front 103

Olfactory bulb

Back 103

contains nerve fibers that communicate with the olfactory cells in the nasal passages and take nerve impulses to the temporal lobe

Front 104

Forebrain

Back 104

Contains olfactory bulb and cerebrum

Front 105

Midbrain

Back 105

Contains optic lobe and other structures

Front 106

Hindbrain

Back 106

Contains cerebellum and other structures

Front 107

Reflex

Back 107

involuntary and predictable response to a given stimulus