Bio Lab Liverworts

Front 1

what is different about liverworts, hortworts, and mosses from other plants

Back 1

the gametophyte is dominant

Front 2

homospore

Back 2

spores make single gametophyte with male and female part

Front 3

Bryophytes

Back 3

plants without well developed vascular systems

moist habitats

have rhizoids

small in size

stems and leaf structure

it used to be one phylum but is now three

Front 4

interesting thing about bryophyte's diploid generation

Back 4

the sporophyte is attached to and dependent on the gametophyte for the entire life cycle

Front 5

what does the sporophyte and gametophyte look like in bryphytes

Back 5

sporophyte the spore bearing part

gametophyte is the leafy part

Front 6

What are the functions of bryophytes

Back 6

fix Co2

degrade rock to soil

stabilize soil

reduce erosion

used as fuel

produce wiskey and packing material

Front 7

Gemmae cup

Back 7

green thing that looks like coffee cup

it breaks off and a whole new plant is grown, therefore asexual reproduction

dispersed by water

occur on the upper surface of thalli

Front 8

Sporophylls

Back 8

leaflike structures of the sporophyte generation that bear spores in ferns and fern allies

Front 9

What does the suffix phyll mean

Back 9

leaf

Front 10

Megaphylls in ferns

Back 10

a sporophyll with several veins

Front 11

Microphylls in ferns

Back 11

a sporophyll with only one veinas in whisk ferns, scouring rush, and club mosses

Front 12

Where are spores produced in ferns

Back 12

spores are produced by meiosis in the sporangia

Front 13

What do both bryophytes and fern require for fertilization?

Back 13

water

Front 14

Liverworts phylum

Back 14

Hepaticophyta

Front 15

Mosses phylum

Back 15

Bryophyta

Front 16

hortwortsphylum

Back 16

Anthrcerophyta

Front 17

fern phylum

Back 17

pterophyta

Front 18

club mosses phylum

Back 18

Lycophyta

Front 19

examples of bryophytes

Back 19

liverworts, hortwort, and mosses

Front 20

only phylum that has rhizoids

Back 20

Bryophytes

Front 21

Thallus

Back 21

the plant body of a bryophytes

Front 22

liverwort/hortworts thalli

Back 22

flattened dorsoventrally

bilaterally symmetry

Front 23

moss thalli

Back 23

erect

radially symmetry

Front 24

antheridia

Back 24

male sex organs that produce swimming. biflellated sperm

Front 25

archegonia

Back 25

female sex organs

Front 26

what does the zygote produce in brophytes

Back 26

produces the sporophyte

Front 27

what does the sporophyte produce

Back 27

haploid spores via meiosis

Front 28

what do the spore produce

Back 28

gametophyte

Front 29

Marchantia

Back 29

liverworts

phylum: Hepaticophyta

Front 30

What are the functions ofrhizoids?

Back 30

anchorage, possibly absorption

Front 31

fragmentation

Back 31

reproduction asexually

older central portions of the thallus die and growing tips form new individuals

Front 32

what does a gemma produce

Back 32

new gametophyte plant

Front 33

dioecious

Back 33

separate male and female plants

Front 34

archgoniophores

Back 34

specialized stalks on female plant that bear archegonia

Front 35

where is the egg located

Back 35

in side the venter of the archegonia

egg is enlarged cell at base of neck

Front 36

where does sperm form

Back 36

antheridia

Front 37

what does sexual reproduction produce

Back 37

a new sporophyte plant

Front 38

How do the positions of thearchegonium and antheridium relate to their reproductive function?

Back 38

antheridia need to disperse sperm and are upright with pores on top of the antheridial disk; archegonia are protected under the surface of the archegonial disk.

Front 39

foot

Back 39

the sturucture that connects the nonphotosynethetic sporophyte to the gametophyte

Front 40

where are spores produced

Back 40

spores are produced by meiosis in a capsule located on the seta (stalk)

Front 41

elaters

Back 41

elongated cells

help disperse spores by twisting and rupturing the spore case.

Front 42

elaters in humid conditions

Back 42

in humid conditions the elaters coil

Front 43

elaters in dry conditions

Back 43

in dry conditions the elaters expand pushing the spores apart and rupturing the spores case to release the spores

Front 44

Are spores haploid ordiploid?

Back 44

haploid

Front 45

how do mosses reproduce asexually

Back 45

fragmentation

Front 46

how do liveworts reproduce asexually

Back 46

gemmae cups

Front 47

moss sporophyte

Back 47

moss sporophytes have capsules located ato stalks called setae that extend upward from the moss gametophyte

Front 48

setae

Back 48

stalks on sporphyte

Front 49

how is the sporophyte attached to the gametophyte

Back 49

foot

Front 50

calyptra

Back 50

the covering on the capsule

it is the upper portion of the archegonium

Front 51

what is the fate of the calyptra

Back 51

it falls off when the capsule matures

Front 52

what is inside the capsule

Back 52

numerous haploid spores formed by meoisis

Front 53

antheceros

Back 53

hortworts

Front 54

Is the sporophyte moreprominent in mosses or liverworts?

Back 54

mosses

Front 55

What is the adaptivesignificance of the seta of the sporophyte growing well above the mat of thegametophyte?

Back 55

better dispersal

Front 56

What process producesspores?

Back 56

meiosis

Front 57

Is the capsule haploid or diploid?

Back 57

diploid

Front 58

protonema in mosses

Back 58

moss spores germinate and form a photosynthetic protonema which resembles a branching, filamentous alga

leafy moss plants arise from buds located along the protonema

Front 59

How are hortworts sporphytes different from other bryophytes

Back 59

sporophyte are shaped like a long, tapered horn that protrudes from a flattened thallus

Front 60

How are hortworts archegonia different from other bryophytes

Back 60

archegonia in hornworts are not discrete organs. they are embedded in the thallus and are in contact with surrounding vegetative cells

Front 61

where are sporangia located in ferns

Back 61

back of leaves

Front 62

rhizomes

Back 62

underground stems of fern sporophytes

Front 63

True fern's phylum

Back 63

Pterophyta

Front 64

What is different in fern and bryophytes

Back 64

ferns have independent sporophytes

ferns have well developed

ferns have stomata

Front 65

How do fern sporophytes grow

Back 65

fern sporophytes grow indefinitely via undergoround stem called rhizomes

Front 66

sori

Back 66

groups of sporangia

Front 67

fern reproduction

Back 67

protonema forms from spores and produce prothallium

globed shaped antheridia drop off after producing sperm. the sperm then swims to the vase shaped archegonia (located near prothallium)

Front 68

where are the reproductive structure in prothallium located

Back 68

rhizoids and male and female reproductive structures are on the underside of the prothallium

Front 69

fiddlehead

Back 69

when fronds of the growing sporophyte break through the soil

the fiddlehead then unrolls to display the frond, a single leaf

Front 70

homosporous

Back 70

plant produces one kind of spore that develops into a single kind of gametophyte that produces both antheridia and archegonia

Front 71

what are most terrestrial ferns

homosporous or hetreosporous

Back 71

homosporous

Front 72

what are most aquatic ferns

homosporous or hetreosporous

Back 72

hetersporous

Front 73

phylum of whisk ferns

Back 73

pterophyta

Front 74

phylum of horsetails

Back 74

pterophyta

Front 75

phylum of club mosses

Back 75

lycophyta

Front 76

what is different from club mosses (phylum lycophyta) from the phylum: pterophyta

Back 76

club mosses posses true roots, stems and leaves

sporangia occur on small modified leaves called sporphylls clustered in stobilli (cones)

Front 77

asexaul reproduction of club mosses

Back 77

rhizomes

produces new growth, which could beseparated from parent plant (e.g., via fragmentation), thereby resulting in anew individual

Front 78

How is a rhizome different from arhizoid?

Back 78

rhizome is underground stem; rhizoid is small, rootlike structure

Front 79

How many sporangia occur oneach sporophyll?

Back 79

one

Front 80

Which parts of the life cycleare haploid?

Back 80

gametophyte

Front 81

Which parts of the life cycle are diploid?

Back 81

sporophyte

Front 82

what is the function of the pinnae

Back 82

photosynthesis

Front 83

Is the prothallium haploid ordiploid?

Back 83

haploid

Front 84

is the prothallium sporophyte or gametophyte?

Back 84

gametophyte

Front 85

Why are bryophytes considered “primitive”? What are their habitatlimitations?

Back 85

They are considered primitive because they do not have a vascular system. Theymust live in moist habitats (for reproduction) and their photosynthetic tissue must be near theirwater absorbing tissue.

Front 86

Where is the moss sporophyte found in relation to thegametophyte?

Back 86

The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte. The sporophyte will be found growing on top of the gametophyte.

Front 87

What are gemmae, and how are they dispersed?

Back 87

A gemma (plural gemmae) is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. It is used for asexual reproduction.

Front 88

What is the function of rhizoid tissue and where is it found?

Back 88

Root-like structures that extend from the underside of bryophytes and pterophytes. They anchor the plant and help with absorption of water.

Front 89

useful products of brophyta

Back 89

fuel

whiskey

packing products