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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contains no vascular tissue
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nonvascular plants
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types of plant containing motile sperm (require water for fertilization)
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nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants
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dominant gametophyte generation
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nonvascular plants
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dependent sporophyte
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nonvascular plants
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reduced, independent gametophyte
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vascular seedless plants
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dominant/independent sporophyte
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vascular seedless plants
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plants that have stomata, cuticle, strobili, possible heterospory, vascular tissue
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Vascular seedless Plants
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Phylum bryophyta
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mosses
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phylum hepatophyta
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liverworts
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phylum anthocerophyta
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hornworts
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mosses liverworts and honworts are this type of plant
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nonvascular
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phylum lycophyta
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club mosses
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phylum pterophyta
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horsetails, whiskferns, ferns
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reduced female gametophyte=develops from megaspore
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gymnosperms
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pollen grains= male gametophyte
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gymnosperms
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"naked" seed
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gymnosperms
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advanced vascular tissue-tracheids
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gymnosperms
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internal fertilization
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gymnosperms
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Pollen grain
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angiosperms and gymnosperms
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reduced female gametophyte= embryo sac
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angiosperms
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ovule, seed, carpel, fruit
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angiosperms
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double fertilization, endosperm
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angiosperms
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flowers
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angiosperms
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advanced vascular tissues-tracheids, vessels
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angiosperms
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herbaceous and woody plants
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angiosperms
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annuals and perennials
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angiosperms
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divisions:Coniferophya, Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta, gnetophyta
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gymnosperms
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pollen and seeds are dispersed by wind
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gymnosperms
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what is the matur ovary of a flower that protects the seed and aids in its dispersal
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fruit
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floral parts of monocots are arranged how
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groups of 3
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gloral parts of monocots are arranged how
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groups of 4 and 5
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number of cotyledons in a monocot
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1
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number of cotyledons in a dicot
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2
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what type of roots do monocots have
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fibrous
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what type of roots do dicots have
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tap
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what type of veings do monocots have
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parallel
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what type of veins do dicots have
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netlike venation
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what type of vascular bundles do monocots have
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random
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what type of vascular bundles do dicots have
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complex
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what are the three main tissues found THROUGHOUT the plant
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dermal, vascular, ground
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dermal tissue is composed of
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epidermis
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what are the specialized epidermal cell types
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guard cells of the stomata, trichomes, unicellular root hairs, cuticle
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what makes up vascular tissue
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xylem and phloem
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what are the cells of the xylem
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vessel elements, tracheids
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what are the cells of the phloem
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sieve tube members, companion cells
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What makes up ground tissue
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pith, cortex
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what are the primary tissues of the root
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stele (vascular), pith, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, lateral roots
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what are the primary tissues of the stem
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epidermis, vascular bundles, pith, cortex
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what are the tissues of the leaf
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epidermis, cuticle, stomata, guard cells, mesophyll
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What does vascular cambium produce
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secondary vascular tissue
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secondary ____ is to the insice
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xylem
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secondary _________ is to the outside
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phloem
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Secondary Growth accumulates to produce what
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wood
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epidermis is replaced by the ________ (produces cork cells)
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Cork cambium
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cork cells and cork cambium produce what
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the periderm
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_______is all tissues exterior to the vascular cambium
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bark
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Does secondary growth occur in leaves
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no
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does secondary growth occur in all gymnosperms and all Angiosperms
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yes in all gymnosperms, but no in all angiosperms
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In angiosperms these mostly have secondary growth but very few of these do
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dicots/ monocots
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What are the major components of the seed (bean only)
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young, embryonic sporophyte (hypocotyl-embryonic stem below cotyledons, epicotyl-embryonic stem above cotyledons, and radicle-embryonic root
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"naked" seed
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gymnosperms
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advanced vascular tissue-tracheids
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gymnosperms
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internal fertilization
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gymnosperms
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Pollen grain
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angiosperms and gymnosperms
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|
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reduced female gametophyte= embryo sac
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angiosperms
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ovule, seed, carpel, fruit
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angiosperms
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double fertilization, endosperm
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angiosperms
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flowers
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angiosperms
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advanced vascular tissues-tracheids, vessels
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angiosperms
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herbaceous and woody plants
|
angiosperms
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annuals and perennials
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angiosperms
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divisions:Coniferophya, Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta, gnetophyta
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gymnosperms
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pollen and seeds are dispersed by wind
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gymnosperms
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what is the matur ovary of a flower that protects the seed and aids in its dispersal
|
fruit
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|
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floral parts of monocots are arranged how
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groups of 3
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|
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Contains no vascular tissue
|
nonvascular plants
|
|
|
types of plant containing motile sperm (require water for fertilization)
|
nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants
|
|
|
dominant gametophyte generation
|
nonvascular plants
|
|
|
dependent sporophyte
|
nonvascular plants
|
|
|
reduced, independent gametophyte
|
vascular seedless plants
|
|
|
dominant/independent sporophyte
|
vascular seedless plants
|
|
|
plants that have stomata, cuticle, strobili, possible heterospory, vascular tissue
|
Vascular seedless Plants
|
|
|
Phylum bryophyta
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mosses
|
|
|
phylum hepatophyta
|
liverworts
|
|
|
phylum anthocerophyta
|
hornworts
|
|
|
mosses liverworts and honworts are this type of plant
|
nonvascular
|
|
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phylum lycophyta
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club mosses
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|
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phylum pterophyta
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horsetails, whiskferns, ferns
|
|
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reduced female gametophyte=develops from megaspore
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gymnosperms
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|
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pollen grains= male gametophyte
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gymnosperms
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3 major component of the seed (bean only)
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young embryonic sporophyte, food source, and seed coat
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what does the seed coat do?
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prevents desiccation
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what makes up the food source in bean seeds
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endosperm and cotyledons
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what are cotyledons for?
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food for developing seedling
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what are endosperms for
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food for developing embryo
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where does the seed develop from
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ovule
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where are fruits developed from
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the ovary
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where does the seed coat develop from
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parent sporophyte tissue in ovule (integuments)
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what are the three steps to form a seedling
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dispersal, ddormancy, germination
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what happens in the dispersal process
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generally through morphological (appendages on seed) or animal mechanisms
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what is the dormancy step
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period of suspended growth
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what is the germination process
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resumption of growth stimulated by temperature, scarification and water availability
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What is the definition of a hormone?
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Chemical signals produced in specialized cells by multicellular organisms that travel via body fluids and have specific effects on target cells
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where is auxin produced
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shoot apical meristem, young leaves, embryo
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which way does auxin travel
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always travels down
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what major funtions do auxins have
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stimulates stem elongation, enhances apical dominance, induces cell differentiation, stimulates root growth, regulates development of fruit, functions in phototropism and gravitropism
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where are gibberellins produced
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shoot and root apical meristems, young leaves, embryo
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what are gibberellins major functions
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pomote seed and bud germination, stem elongation, leaf growth, stimulate flowering and fruit development, affect root growth and differentiation
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what is phototropism
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response to light
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what effect does light have on a plant
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o Positive = stems bends towards light source
o Negative = stems bends away from light source |
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what is gravitropism
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response to gravity
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what effect does gravity have on a plant
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Positive = roots bend downward
Negative = shoots bend upward |
