Bio Lab 9

Front 1

DNA polymerase

Back 1

An enzyme that is active in DNA replication, separating strands of DNA, bringing bases to the parental strands, and correcting errors by removing and replacing incorrect base pairs.

Front 2

mutation

Back 2

A permanent alteration of a DNA base sequence.

Front 3

nucleotide

Back 3

The building block of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.

Front 4

point mutation

Back 4

A mutation of a single base pair in a genome.

Front 5

germ-line cell

Back 5

The succession of parent and daughter cells that ultimately produce either eggs or sperm.

Front 6

somatic cell

Back 6

Any cell that is not and will not become an egg or sperm cell.

Front 7

codon

Back 7

An mRNA triplet that codes for a single amino acid or a start or a stop command in the translation stage of protein synthesis.

Front 8

transcription

Back 8

In protein synthesis, the process in which DNA's information is copied onto messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front 9

ribosomal RNA

Back 9

A type of RNA that, along with proteins, forms ribosomes.

Front 10

RNA polymerase

Back 10

In the transcription phase of protein synthesis, the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix and puts together a chain of RNA nucleotides complementary to the exposed DNA nucleotides.

Front 11

anticodon

Back 11

The end of the transfer RNA molecule that can bind with a particular codon on the mRNA transcript.

Front 12

translation

Back 12

The process in which a polypeptide chain is produced within a ribosome based on the information encoded in messenger RNA. This process, the second major stage in protein synthesis, occurs in the cell's cytoplasm.

Front 13

messenger RNA

Back 13

A type of RNA that encodes, and carries to ribosomes, information for the synthesis of proteins.

Front 14

promoter sequence

Back 14

The site on a segment of DNA to which RNA polymerase attaches prior to beginning transcription.

Front 15

genetic code

Back 15

The inventory of linkages between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids they code for. With few exceptions, it is universal in living things.

Front 16

ribosome

Back 16

An organelle, located in the cell's cytoplasm, that is the site of protein synthesis. The translation phase of protein synthesis takes place here.

Front 17

transfer RNA

Back 17

In protein synthesis, a form of RNA that binds with amino acids, transfers them to ribosomes, and then binds with a messenger RNA sequence.

Front 18

polypeptide

Back 18

A series of amino acids linked in linear fashion. Chains made up of these fold up to become proteins.