- (Bio Lab) - #15 Practical Prep

Front 1

Apo for Mammilia
(8 of em)

Back 1

1. Muscular, thoracic diaphragm
2. Four chambered heart with left aortic arch
3. Endothermy
4. Single bone in lower jaw (dentary)
5. Heterodont dentition
6. Middle ear (3 bones)
7. Mammary glands
8. Hair

Hint 1

MMM HH E4S

Front 2

Apo for Monotremata
(1 of em)

Back 2

1. Loss of teeth in adult animals

Front 3

2 major lineages to the Mammalia are:

Back 3

Monotremata
Theria

Front 4

Apo for Theria
(6 of em)

Back 4

1. Viviparous
2. Cloaca lost (separate anal and urethral openings)
3. Expanded grey matter (neopalhium) in brain
4. Pinnae (ear flaps) well developed
5. Females with nipples
6. Males with external gonads (scrotal sacs)

Hint 4

FEC MVP

Front 5

Apo for Marsupialia
(2 of em)

Back 5

1. Marsupium
2. Choriovitelline placenta

Front 6

2 major lineages to the Theria

Back 6

Marsupialia
Placentalia

Front 7

3 major lineages to the Placentalia

Back 7

Afrotheria
Boreoeutheria
Xenarthra

Front 8

Apo for Placentalia
(2 of em)

Back 8

1. Chorioallantoic placenta
2. Corpus callosum

Hint 8

C C

Front 9

What are the 3 middle ear bones of mammals?

Back 9

Incus
Malleus
Stapes

Front 10

What does ‘heterodont dentition’ mean, and why is it important in mammals?

Back 10

- Individuals possess different sizes and shapes of teeth.

- It is important because it allows for more precise chewing, which is a first step towards digestion in vertebrates which high metabolic rates.

Front 11

4 tooth types found in mammals?
(CIMP)

Back 11

1. Canines
2. Incisors
3. Molars
4. Premolars

Front 12

What is ‘homodont dentition’?

Back 12

All of the teeth possessed by an individual are of nearly the same size and shape

Front 13

3 lineages of the Afrotheria:

Back 13

1. Hyracoidea
2. Proboscidia
3. Sirenia

Front 14

8 lineages of the Boreoeutheria:

Back 14

1. Artiodacyla
2. Carnivora
3. Chrioptera
4. Lagomorpha
5. Lipotyphyla
6. Perissodactyla
7. Primata
8. Rodentia

Front 15

3 lineages of Xenarthra

Back 15

1. Anteaters
2. Armadillos
3. Sloths

Front 16

Name animals which are members of:
CETARIODACTYLA

Back 16

- cows
- deer
- pigs
- antelopes
- hippos
- camels
- giraffes
- cetacean

Front 17

Name animals which are members of:
CARNIVORA

Back 17

- bears dogs
- cats
- weasels
- raccoons
- seals
- walruses

Front 18

Name animals which are members of:
CHIROPTERA

Back 18

- bats

Front 19

Name animals which are members of:
LAGOMORPHA

Back 19

- hares
- rabbits
- pikas

Front 20

Name animals which are members of:
LIPOTYPHYLA

Back 20

- shrews
- moles
- hedgehogs

Front 21

Name animals which are members of:
PERRISSODACTYLA

Back 21

- horses
- rhinos
- tapirs

Front 22

Name animals which are members of:
PRIMATA

Back 22

- lemurs
- monkeys
- apes
- humans

Front 23

Name animals which are members of:
RODENTIA

Back 23

- mice
- rats
- beavers
- squirrels

Front 24

Name animals which are members of:
MONOTREMATA

Back 24

- Duck-billed Platypus
- spiney echidna (spiney anteater)

Front 25

Name animals which are members of:
MARSUPIALIA

Back 25

- Kangaroos
- Koalas
- opossums

Front 26

Name animals which are members of:
XENARTHRA

Back 26

- sloths
- anteaters
- armadillo

Front 27

Name animals which are members of:
HYRACOIDEA

Back 27

- hyraxes

Front 28

Name animals which are members of:
PROBOSCIDEA

Back 28

- elephants

Front 29

Name animals which are members of:
SIRENIA

Back 29

- manatees
- sea cows

Front 30

Distinguish between endothermy and ectothermy:

Back 30

Endothermy - body heat is generated internally by the metabolism of food.
Ectothermy - body heat is obtained from the environment

Front 31

How is hair as a body covering important?

Back 31

It helps to maintain the high, constant body temperature of mammals compared to the more variable body temperature found in most other vertebrates.
Hair acts as an insulator, helping to retain the precious internally-produced body heat that allows mammals to remain active even under extremely cold conditions.

Front 32

What does oviparous mean?

Back 32

Egg laying

Front 33

Why isn’t egg laying an apomorphy for Monotremes?

Back 33

Because other vertebrates (turtles, many lizards, many snakes, and birds) share this feature that is inherited from a common amniote ancestor.

Front 34

How does the muscular diaphragm function in mammalian respiration?

Back 34

The diaphragm aids in breathing and increased metabolism.

Contraction of the diaphragm: Increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, causing a lowering of pressure in the lungs so that air flows inward (inhalation)

Relaxation of the diaphragm: Decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity, raising the pressure inside the lungs which forces air out of the lungs (exhalation).

Front 35

What is the placenta?

Back 35

A structure formed form a union of maternal uterine tissues and fetal tissues

Front 36

What is Viviparity?

Back 36

The reproductive strategy where a young develops within a mother’s uterus and derives nutrition from the mother.

Front 37

What are pinnae and what do they function in?

Back 37

pinnae are external ear flaps.
They function in intercepting sound waves.

Front 38

What is the marsupium?

Back 38

- The ventral pouch on a female marsupial.
- The pouch or fold of skin on the abdomen of a female marsupial

Front 39

What is the choriovitelline placenta?

Back 39

A placenta formed from the chorion and the yolk sac, within a marsupial embryo.

Front 40

How is gestation in marsupials unique?

Back 40

It is very short, only 1 month even in a large kangaroo.
Development largely occurs in the marsupium with the embryo attached to its mother’s teat.