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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 Apo for Amphibia
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1) Poison glands in skin
2) Four digits on front limbs |
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In what two ways do salamanders and other terrestrial amphibians obtain oxygen?
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Through their skin, and with simple, sac-like lungs.
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What are the functions of the eyelids?
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Prevent the cornea from drying via blinking, which moistens and cleans the corneal surface.
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What are the dorsal and ventral portions of a turtle's shell called?
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Dorsal = Carapace
Ventral = Plastron |
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How is the skin of reptiles different from that of the amphibians?
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They have scales
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What substance in the skin accounts for this difference?
REF from: (How is the skin of reptiles different from that of the amphibians?) |
beta keratin
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What are the characteristic features of an amniote egg?
(4 features) |
1) Shell: An outer protective calcareous covering
2) Chorion: A protective inner membrane lining the shell 3) Amnion: A fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo 4) Allantois: A sac used for storage of metabolic waste |
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How may the production and excretion of uric acid by reptillians be considered adaptive?
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Because water is reabsorbed into the blood during this process, which improves efficiency, and would allow them to live in drier climates.
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What are hemipenes, and for which taxon are they an apomorphy?
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Spiny copulatory organs
Taxon = Squamata |
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2 Apo for Reptilla
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1) Scales with beta keratin
2) Uric acid as excretory product |
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2 Apo for Aves
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1) Powered flight
2) Short tail |
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Name 2 characteristics of modern birds that may be considered as adaptations for flight
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Feathers and their shortened tails
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