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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ausculation
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techniqye to hear sounds of cardiac cycle
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phonocardiogram
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graph of recorded sounds by microphone
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S1
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ventricular systole
closure of AV valvses |
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AV valve
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mitral and trcspid valve
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S2
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diastole
semilunar valvues closed |
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Systolic murmur
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tricspid or mitral valvue does not close correctly
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Diastolic murmur
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aortic or pulmonary valves do not close properly
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Semilunar vlves
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aortic and pulmonic
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Four Factors determin output
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preload
afterload heart rate myocardial contractility |
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Preload
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Amount of blood returning to the heart, end diastolic volume
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Afterload
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resistance to ejection of blood from ventricles
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Presure in arota'
Total peripheral resistance Pathological changes |
high pressure high resistance
vasoconstricion narrowing increase tpr |
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Heart Rate
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increases exercise, increased stroke volume
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Myocardial Contraction
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Strength of Contraction increases:
Ne and epi Ca Digitalis increased intracelluar Ca |
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Blood Pressure
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mean systemic aterial blood pressure
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Blood Pressure Factors
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Cardiac Output, TPR, Capacity of venous system, volume of fluid in cirulatory system
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Cardiac Output
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stroke volume x heart rate
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total peripheral resistance
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vasoconstrtion
mean aterial perssure=cardiac output x TPR |
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Capacity of venous system
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increses with venous dilation
lowers blood pressure |
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Volume of fluid oin circulatory system
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reduced by hemorrhage, increased antiduretics(lowers urine)
if increases bp increased |
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Viscocity
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of blood large numbers of RBC
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Depolarization
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1 sinoatrial node depolarize
2 wave spreads of atria causing conraction 3 spreads fom myocardium to av node 4 AV bundle to left and right bundle branches 5. Purkinjle fibers inner endocardial layer 6. myocardium to epicardial surface |
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Three standard limb leads
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two wrists and left leg
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6 leads
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chest wall
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4 leads
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augmented leads
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P wave
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depolarzization of atria
indic ates SA node function |
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PR interval
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time it takes from AV node to ventricals
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QRS complex
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depolarization of ventrical
indicates time of ventrical depolarization |
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T wave
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repolarization of ventricles
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ST segment
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betwwen S wave, QRS, and T wave
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PQRSTP
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one complete cardiac cycle
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ST segment
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if elevated or depressed myocardial infracton
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T wave
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inveration myocardial infraction
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Q wave
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increased myocardial infraction
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cardia arrhythmia
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abnormal rate or rhythm
sinus node, atrial flutter, AV,, trachycardi braycardia fibrillation |
