Bio L5 (Cellular Respiration)

Front 1

Cellular respiration

Back 1

The metabolic pathways that break down (catabolic reactions) carbohydrates and other high-energy molecules resulting in the production of high-energy ATP molecules.

Front 2

The high-energy ATP molecules created by cellular respiration can be used by an organism to ____ (anabolic reactions) molecules that the organism needs to sustain life and to grow.

Back 2

build up

Front 3

Cellular respiration requires the input of ______

Back 3

O2

Front 4

Cellular respiration is a/n ___________ reaction

Back 4

aerobic

Front 5

Cellular respiration releases ______ as a waste product

Back 5

CO2

Front 6

Cellular respiration consists of coupled __________ reactions.

Back 6

oxidation/reduction

Front 7

Oxidation

Back 7

the process of adding oxygen atoms to a large molecule while breaking it into smaller pieces

Front 8

Reduction

Back 8

the process of adding hydrogen atoms to a molecule

Front 9

sugar + oxygen →

Back 9

carbon dioxide + water + energy (ADP → ATP)

Front 10

The last three of the four stages of cellular respiration occur within the cell organelle called the _______________

Back 10

mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)

Front 11

As in the case with photosynthesis and the chloroplast, cellular respiration utilizes the differential placement of _________ across organelle membranes to create a ________gradient.

Back 11

hydrogen ions,

concentration

Front 12

This concentration gradient provides the driving force for the generation of molecules of ____from ______.

Back 12

ATP

ADP

Front 13

Glucose

Back 13

one kind of sugar moelecule

Front 14

The complete breakdown of the glucose molecule involves four stages

Back 14

1. Glycolysis

2. Transition reaction (Decarboxylation)

3. Citric acid cycle

4. Electron transport system

Front 15

Glycolysis is the process of _________the glucose molecule, a 6-carbon sugar molecule.

Back 15

splitting

Front 16

Glycolysis occurs in the _____of the cell.

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

Glycolysis does not require _______; it is an ______ process.

Back 17

oxygen

anaerobic

Front 18

Glycolysis involves the breakdown of a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of __________.

Back 18

pyruvate

Front 19

During glycolysis there is a net gain of ______________.

Back 19

two molecules of ATP

Front 20

During glycolysis __________are produced and transported into the ________ of the mitochondrion.

Back 20

hydrogen ions

matrix

Front 21

__________ on the cristae transport the hydrogen ions from the matrix into the _____________.

Back 21

Protein channels

inter-membrane space

Front 22

The transition reaction occurs in the ________.

Back 22

mitochondrion

Front 23

The transition reaction requires the input of ______; it is an aerobic process.

Back 23

oxygen

Front 24

Transition Reaction

3-carbon pyruvate molecules are changed to form 2-carbon _______molecules.

Back 24

acetyl

Front 25

Transition Reaction

2-carbon acetyl molecules are bonded with __________ to form 2-carbon ___________

Back 25

coenzyme A

acetyl-CoA

Front 26

Transition Reaction

A carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) is released and diffuses into the _________.

Back 26

cytoplasm

Front 27

Transition Reaction

_________ are produced and held in matrix of mitochondrion.

Back 27

Hydrogen ions

Front 28

Transition Reaction

_________ on the cristae transport the hydrogen ions from the matrix into the inter-membrane space.

Back 28

Protein channels

Front 29

The Citric acid cycle is also called the Kreb’s cycle

Front 30

The Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrion.

Front 31

The Citric acid cycle requires the input of oxygen; it is an aerobic process.

Front 32

2-carbon acetyl-CoA molecules are bonded with 4-carbonoxaloacetate molecules to form 6-carbon citrate molecules.

Front 33

Citrate molecules pass through a series of molecular conversions mediated by enzymes.

Front 34

Eventually molecules of oxaloacetate are produced, making this a true cycle.

Front 35

A carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule is produced and diffuses into the cytoplasm.

Front 36

2 molecules of ATP produced.

Front 37

Hydrogen ions produced and held in matrix of mitochondrion

Front 38

Protein channels on the cristae transport the hydrogen ions from the matrix into the inter-membrane space.

Front 39

The electron transport system occurs on the membranes of the cristae of the mitochondrion.

Front 40

It is mediated by the action of the membrane proteins.

Front 41

It requires oxygen as electron acceptor; it is an aerobic process.

Front 42

Electrons are passed through a series of membrane proteins. They lose energy as they pass from one protein to another.

Front 43

Protein channels on the cristae transport the hydrogen ions from the matrix into the inter-membrane space.

Front 44

A hydrogen ion concentration gradient is established across the membrane of the cristae, such that the hydrogen ion concentration in the inter-membrane space is higher than in the matrix of the mitochondrion.

Front 45

Hydrogen ions seek to move from an area of high concentration (in the inter-membrane space) to an area of low concentration (in the matrix).

Front 46

Hydrogen ions are restricted from passing through the inner membrane except through specific protein channels, called ATP synthase.

Front 47

As hydrogen ions pass into matrix through membrane protein, their energy is utilized to form ATP from ADP.

Front 48

32 molecules of ATP produced per glucose molecule.

Front 49

Fermentation9 is another form of cellular respiration that many organisms use when there is a shortage of oxygen.

Back 49

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