Bio In Class Quiz

Front 1

two systems of internal communication and regulation in animals

Back 1

nervous system and encocrine system

Front 2

hormones may reach all parts of the body

Back 2

BUT only certain types of cells are equipped to respond - target cells

Front 3

system involving electrical signals
-rapid short duration

Back 3

nervous system

Front 4

system involving chemical signals
-longer response time, longer acting

Back 4

endocrine system

Front 5

-organic molecules, formed and secreted in one location, transported to another location where they exert their effects

Back 5

hormones

Front 6

-release their secretions into ducts that lead to the outside of the body or into the digestive tract

Back 6

exocrine glands

Front 7

ductless, hormone-producing glands that release their secretions into blood

Back 7

endocrine glands

Front 8

-pancreas exocrine
-pancreas endocrine

Back 8

-enzymes
-hormones

Front 9

three major classes of molecules that function as hormones in vertebrates

Back 9

-proteins and peptides
-amines derived from amino acids
-steroids

Front 10

cells with receptors for hormones

Back 10

target tissue

Front 11

hypothalamus hormone

Back 11

hormones released from the posterior pituitary and hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary

Front 12

pituitary gland hormone (posterior)

Back 12

oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone
-releases neurohormones made in hypothalamus

Front 13

pituitary gland hormone (anterior)

Back 13

growth hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 14

thyroid gland hormone

Back 14

triiodothyronine and thyroxine, calcitonin

Front 15

parathyroid gland hormone

Back 15

parathyroid hormone - raises blood calcium level

Front 16

pancreas hormones

Back 16

insulin, glucagon

Front 17

adrenal glands - medulla - hormone

Back 17

epinephrine and norephinephrine

Front 18

gonads hormone - testes

Back 18

androgens

Front 19

gonads hormone - ovaries

Back 19

estrogen, progesterone

Front 20

pineal gland hormone

Back 20

melatonin

Front 21

cells in hypothalamus that synthesize peptide hormones, store them, and release them

Back 21

neurosecretory cells

Front 22

pea-sized gland that dangles from hypothalamus by a stalk

Back 22

pituitary gland

Front 23

two lobes in the pituitary gland

Back 23

anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

Front 24

function of thyroid stimulating hormone
-which gland?

Back 24

-stimulate release of thyroid hormones
-adenohypophysis

Front 25

function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
-gland?

Back 25

females - estrogen secretion and egg maturation
male - stimulate sperm formation
-adenohypophysis

Front 26

gland of growth hormone

Back 26

adenohypophysis (part of pituitary gland)

Front 27

function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
gland?

Back 27

enhances water reabsorption in kidneys
-neurohypophysis

Front 28

function of oxytocin

Back 28

induces uterine contractions and milk ejection
-neurohypophysis

Front 29

-describe interaction between hypothalamus and pituitary gland posterior

Back 29

1. cell bodies of secretory neurons in hypothalamus synthesize ADH and oxytocin
2.hormones move down axons of secretory neurons
3. action potential triggers release of hormones and enter blood capillaries in posterior pituitary
4. small blood vessels deliver hormones to general circulation

Front 30

-describe interaction between hypothalamus and pituitary gland anterior

Back 30

1. cell bodies of secretory neurons secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones
2. first capillary bed in base of hypothalamus picks up hormones
3. hormones go to second capillary bed in anterior pituitary
4. releasing or inhibiting hormones diffuse out of capillaries and act on endocrine cells in anterior
5. hormones secreted from anterior go to general circulation

Front 31

examples of abnormal pituitary output

Back 31

gigantism, dwarfism

Front 32

-promotes growth directly and stimulates the production of growth factors by other tissues

Back 32

growth hormone

Front 33

-functions of insulin,glucagon
-gland?

Back 33

insulin - lowers blood sugar
glucagon - raises blood sugar
-pancreas

Front 34

how does normal blood sugar work?

Back 34

starch forms glucose and blood glucose level goes up, triggers insulin release, blood level sugar goes down, triggers glucagon, breakdown into glucose, raise blood glucose level,

Front 35

beta cells

Back 35

insulin

Front 36

alpha cells

Back 36

glucagon

Front 37

type 1 diabetes

Back 37

insufficient insulin keeps blood sugar level up

Front 38

chart in endocrine system powerpoint

Back 38

blood glucose level control

Front 39

key terms

Back 39

go over them!!

Front 40

effect of hormones in target cells

Back 40

gene activation, protein synthesis, alterations in existing enzymes

Front 41

pathway of a water soluble hormone

Back 41

exocytosis out of cell, into blood stream directly, and go onto signal receptor on target cell membrane

Front 42

pathway of a lipid soluble hormone

Back 42

diffuses out of secretory cell, into bloodstream and met by transport protein, then diffuses into target cell and then binds to an intracellular signal receptor

Front 43

all organs involved with the human endocrine system head to feet

Back 43

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovary/testes

Front 44

where are the parathyroid glands located relative to thyroid

Back 44

ON DA BACK YO

Front 45

important in long distance signaling, one of many types of secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells and travel through body fluids to target cells

Back 45

hormone

Front 46

a DUCTLESS gland that secretes hormones directly into the interstitial fluid, from which they diffuse into the bloodstream

Back 46

endocrine gland

Front 47

an extension of the hypothalamus composed of nervous tissue that secretes oxytocin and ADH made in hypothalamus; temp storage

Back 47

posterior pituitary = neurohypophysis

Front 48

a hormone that is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary and has direct and tropic effects on a wide variety of tissues

Back 48

growth hormone

Front 49

hormone secreted by beta cells that lower blood glucose levels; promotes uptake of glucose by most body cells

Back 49

insulin

Front 50

a small gland on the dorsal surface of the vertebrate forebrain that secretes the hormone melatonin

Back 50

pineal gland

Front 51

an endocrine gland located on the ventral surface of trachea that secretes what?

Back 51

thyroid gland
-T3, T4, calcitonin

Front 52

one of four small endocrine glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, that secrete what?

Back 52

parathyroid gland,
parathyroid hormone

Front 53

one of two endocrine glands located adjacent to kidneys in mammals; deal with stress

Back 53

adrenal glands

Front 54

the ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in maintaining homeostasis; releasing factors that regulate the anterior pituitary

Back 54

hypothalamus

Front 55

a portion of the pituitary with NONNEURAL TISSUE; consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones

Back 55

anterior pituitary

Front 56

a gland with exocrine and endocrine tissues; endocrine = insulin, glucagon

Back 56

pancreas

Front 57

a hormone secreted by alpha cells that raises blood glucose level. promotes glycogen breakdown and release of glucose by liver

Back 57

glucagon

Front 58

any hormone that stimulates the development of female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Back 58

estrogen

Front 59

any steroid with progesterone (prepares uterus for pregnancy) like activity

Back 59

progestin

Front 60

inability to maintain glucose homeostasis

Back 60

diabetes

Front 61

hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Back 61

adrenocorticotropic hormone