Bio Ii- Test 2

Front 1

The chloroplast of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence

Back 1

1. Cyanobacteria

2. green algae

3. landplants

Front 2

This type of protist asexual reproduction involves mass production of daughter cells simultaneously which results in the host becoming sick extremely

Back 2

Schizogony

Front 3

Protist that causes sleeping sickness, a neurological disease spread by the African tsetse fly.

Back 3

Trypanosoma

Front 4

Some species of this marine protist are bioluminescent and beautiful to behold. However, approximately 20 species are toxic and when they bloom cause a harmful red-tide

Back 4

Dinoflagelletes

Front 5

Giant sea weeds, known as kelp are a type of

Back 5

Brown alga

Front 6

What is true of charophytes

Back 6

they are the closest living algal relatives of land plants

Front 7

Which is not an adaptation of plants to life on land

Which are:

Back 7

rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes

1. cuticles

2. tracheids

3. reduce gametophyte generation

4. seeds

Front 8

Botanist discovered following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem w/ tracheids, separate gametophyte & sporophyte generations w/ the sporophyte dominant and no seeds.

This plant is probably most closely related to

Back 8

ferns

Front 9

Which is in incorrect statement about xylem

Back 9

conduct sugar and hormones throughout the plant

TRUE

1. Transports water & minerals 1 direction from the root up.

2. made up of tracheid cells

3. cell walls are strengthened by lignin

Front 10

This plant...

- covers 3% of earths surface and contains roughly 30% of the worlds soil carbon.

helps stabilize atmospheric [CO2]

- over harvesting of this plant is of great concern as it takes 1000 years for only 8-10 in. of growth

Back 10

Spagnum Peatmoss

Front 11

Do seed plant gemtophytes lack archegonium and antheridium.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Rhizoids

Back 12

are the first structure to emerge during spore germination

Front 13

Earliest seedless vacular plant is

Back 13

lychophytes

Front 14

A ________ has megasporangium + megaspore + integument

Back 14

Ovule

Front 15

Plant species with functional stamens and carpels which are both present, but reach maturity at different times are called_________

Back 15

dichogamous

Front 16

This pathway allows plants to respond to seasonal changes keeping plants on schedule with pollinators and allows flowering when abiotic conditions are optimal

Back 16

Photoperiodic

Front 17

Reasons for self-pollination except

Back 17

promotes genetic diversity

Reasons:

1.ecological advantage of independce from a pollinator

2. no energy expended making a flower w/ nectar

3. uniform progeny specifically adapted to uniform habitat.

Front 18

When a plant has little to no woody parts it is referred to as ________

Back 18

Herbaceous

Front 19

Plants that produce only ovule or only pollen are called_________

Plants that produce ovule and pollen are called ________

Back 19

dioecious plants

Monoecious plants

Front 20

All are features of apomixis except

Back 20

results in triploid endosperm

features:

asexually produces embryos in viable seeds

no sperm needed

genetically identical to parents

diploids cells are cloned in the ovule

Front 21

A pollen grain/ sac....

Back 21

contains the male gametophytes

Front 22

Cactus spines, venus flytraps, "mouth" and pine needles are all types of modified________

Back 22

leaves

Front 23

"Smart Plants" have been produced to warn a grower when a nutrient deficiency is imminent by doing what?

Back 23

producing a blue pigment in the leaves

Front 24

All nitrogen fixing organism are

Back 24

Prokaryotes

Front 25

An Epiphyte _________

Back 25

lives on another plant but does not harm or steal from it

Front 26

Spongy outgrowths from the roots below and are found in mangroves or swamps where the mud is thick and water logged so roots grow up into the air

Back 26

pneumatophores

Front 27

________________is when the pollen and stigma recognize each other as being related and pollen tube growth is blocked

Back 27

Self-incompatibility

Front 28

Angiosperms pollination

Back 28

occurs via wing in approximately 20% of angiosperms

Front 29

These dermal cells flank the stomata and regulate the opening and closing

Back 29

Guard cells

Front 30

Flowers and leaves undergo what type of growth?

Back 30

Determinate growth

Front 31

This type of plant tissue is perpetually undifferentiated

Back 31

Meristems

Front 32

What country is the potato native to

Back 32

peru

Front 33

in the film, what was the answer to the problem of monocultures?

Back 33

getting away from monocultures and instead promote genetic diversity by planting a variety of crops

Front 34

According to the Royal Botanic Garden plant biologist, there are approximately 380,000 species of green plants. How many do we get over half our calories from?

Back 34

3

Front 35

Why does plant diversity equal plant resilience

Back 35

More plant species equals higher genetic diversity. Higher genetic diversity allows some speeds of plants to adapt in the face of nature or human caused stressors such as pollution or disease

Front 36

List four traits which plants share ONLY with charophyte algae:

Back 36

1. Rings of cellulose in cell walls

2. peroxisome enymes

3. flagellated sperm structure

4. chlorophyll

5. sporopellenin

Front 37

study parts of flower

circle male structres

Back 37

stamen, carpel, anther, stigma, filamen, style, ovary and ovule

Front 38

label double fertilization

Explain double fertilization

Back 38

Stigma catches pollen grain and generative cells start to develop the pollen tube to the micropyle of the female gametophytes. The pollen tube contains the male gametophytes (2 sperm). the synersids signal pollen grain and tube to enter into ovule. Once pollen tube and sperm have reached the ovule 1 sperm will fertilize the egg making a zygote. Second sperm will fertilize the 2 polar nuclei making it an endosperm. The endosperm provides nutrients for the ovule and is not considered a seed. The endosperm prevents the zygote to spurge.

Front 39

What conditions will cause the plant to flower

Back 39

The amount of hours exposed to sunlight doesn't matter, what matters is the amount of darkness they receive. (short Nights)

Front 40

What these plants are referred to as with regards to photoperiodic control

Back 40

long Day

Front 41

How/ Why a flash of light will affect flowering?????

Front 42

Generalized alternation of generation life cycle

Back 42

Sporophyte(2n) -spores (n) -via meiosis

(spores germinate into gametophyte via mitosis)

Gamete (n) from another plant fertilizes the gamete creating a zygote (2n) via Mitosis. (which grows into a sporophyte.

Front 43

List 7 characteristics which would make the generalized alternation of generation life cycle specific to Phylum Coniferophyta

Back 43

1. Pollen grain

2. pollen cone

3. Microspres

4. Megaspores

5. seeds, Cones

6. Ovule

7. Pollen Tube

Front 44

Seeds and spores are basically the same thing

Back 44

FALSE

Front 45

Protist are_______

Back 45

Eukaryotic

Front 46

Which has an ovule completely enclosed in an ovary (apple or spruce tree)

Back 46

Apple

Front 47

What does the green Alga have in common with land plants

Back 47

1. Cellulose in cell walls

2. chlorophyll

Front 48

What is the ovule considered one it is fertilized

Back 48

A seed

Front 49

Evergreens and flowing plants gametophytes produce sperm w/o flagella. By what mode do these un-flagellated sperm arrive at the egg?

Back 49

Pollen Tube

Front 50

Byrophytes (mosses) are

Back 50

Seedless non-vascular plants

Front 51

Pteroterphytes (ferns) are

Back 51

seedless vascular plants

Front 52

What fnx does the triploid endosperm tissue serve

Back 52

Food source for the embryo

Front 53

List reasons why a seed increases an embryos chance of survival?

Back 53

1. Drought protection

2. dispersal

3. Diploid integument for protection

4. food supply until it germinates

5. no water for fertilization

6. reduces gametophytes dependent state

Front 54

Ovule

Back 54

contains the megaspore and is surrounded by diploid tissue and develops into seed.

Front 55

What is the main fnx of root hair and what sort of tissue forms them?

Back 55

greater SA

epidermal folds forms tissue

Front 56

Trichomes

Back 56

Highly variable hair like plant structure creates a microclimate which will keep leaf surface cool and reduce evaporation

Front 57

With regard to photoperiodic control, why should short-day plants more accurately be called long nigh plants

Back 57

The plant matures at night, plants are actually responding to the length of nigh, not how much light there is

Front 58

Which are the only organisms which can fix O2

Back 58

Prokaryotes

Front 59

Collenchyma Tissue

Back 59

Celery Strings

Front 60

Parasite

Back 60

one plant lives on and steals nutrients from another

Front 61

Mycorrhizae

Back 61

Symbiosis b/w a fungi and the root of a plant

Front 62

Rhizobacteria

Back 62

symbiosis w/ prokaryote which helps enhance the immune fnx of the plant

Front 63

Pollination is fertilization

Back 63

FALSE

Front 64

Antheritogen

Back 64

Chemial secreted by hermaphroditic gametophytes that promote the develmnt of male gametophyes.

Front 65

Seed plant gemtophytes lack archegonium and antheridium

Back 65

TRUE

Front 66

List 5 things that would need to be added to generalized life cycle to make it specific to Angiosperm

Back 66

4 microspores created in the microsporangia (pollen grain)

Ovule creates megaspores

Embryo Sac

Pollen tube

double fertilization

seeds