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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innate immunity
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cells that are always ready
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leucocytes
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nonspecific response to pathogens; includes mast cells, neurophils and macrophages
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mast cells
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release chemical messengers that cause blood vessels near the wound to constrict
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neutrophils
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are phagocytic and also secrete lysozyme- which degrades bacterial cell walls, free radicals, NO and ROIs
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macrophages
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arrive after neutrophils and also secrete cytokines which attract other immune system cells
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inflammatory response
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swelling due to increase in cells and fluids in the area, red and warm due to increased blood flow, pain, fever
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acquired immunity
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cells that require activation
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lymphocytes
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the cells that carry out the acquired immune response
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lymph system
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lymphocyte is made in the thymus and bone marrow, activated in the spleen and lymph nodes, and is transported by lymphatic ducts and blood vessels
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antigen
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is any foreign molecule that can initiate an immune system response
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epitope
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selected region of an antigen that antibodies, BCRs, and TCRs bind to
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B-cell
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lymphocyte that is bursa-dependent and produce antibodies
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B-cell receptor
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are identical to the antibody that the b-cell produces
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clonal selection
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the process of an antigen binding to receptor on a lymphocyte activates division of lymphocyte
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immunoglobulin
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a family of proteins that are the key to acquired immune response
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IgG
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monomer; the most abundant type of secreted antibody. circulates in blood and interstitial fluid. protects against bacteria, viruses, and toxins
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IgA
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dimer; most common antibody in breast milk, tears, saliva, and mucus. prevents bacteria and viruses from attaching to mucous membranes; immunizes newborns
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IgM
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pentamer; first type of secreted antibody to appear during an infection. binds many antigens at once; effective at clumping viruses and bacteria so they can be killed
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IgE
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monomer; rarest type of antibody. involved in hypersensitive reaction that produces allergies
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IgD
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monomer; present on membranes of mature b-cells; probably involved in activation of b-cells
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t-cells
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are involved in an array of functions, including recognizing and killing host cells that are being infected witha virus
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CD4 T-helper-1 cells
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inflammatory cells interact with Class II MHC and recruit non-specific effector cells (e.g. phagocytes)
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CD4 T-helper-2 cells
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cells interact with Class II MHC and recruit B lymphocytes and make them produce antibodies
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CD8 T-cytotoxic cells
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interact with Class I MHC on a target (infected) cell release of cytokines and induce apoptosis in target cell
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Major histocompatibility protein (MHC)
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protein inside the ER that have a groove where small antigen fragments bind. the mhc then moves to the golgi to present the antigen on the surface of the cell membrane
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