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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protostomes that have their bodies with a series of compartments with repeated structures exhibit ______
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segmentation
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Arthropods have a _____ that provides space for internal organs and fluid circulation
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hemocoel
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The mollusk body plan is based upon three major components:
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Foot- large muscle located at the base that is used for movement
Visceral Mass- region that contains most of the main internal organs and external gill Mantle- tissue layer that covers visceral mass and can secrete a shell made of calcium carbonate |
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When did all of the protostome phyla appear in the history of animal evolution?
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515 million years ago
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When was the extinction of trilobites (marine arthropod)?
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250million years ago
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When did insect first appear?
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400 million years ago
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Name three major parts of the arthropod body plan
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jointed limbs, exoskeleton, segmented body
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Protostomes diverged into what two major subgroups?
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Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
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Name four evolutionary innovations that allowed protostomes to move in unique ways
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Jointed limbs- allowed swimming and runnning
Wings- allowed flight Muscular Foot- allowed mollusks to glide across surfaces Mantle- allows jet propulsion |
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How do protostomes reproduce asexually?
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By parthenogenesis- production of unfertilized eggs that develop into offspring
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What are two distinctive morphological traits of Lophotrochozoans?
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1-a feeding structure called a lophophore
2-a type of larvae called a trochophore |
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What are characteristics of Phylum Rotifera
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Rotifers have a corona of cilia at their anterior that is used for suspension feeding
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Give the three examples of animals in Phylum Platyhelminthes
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1-Flatworms (free living)
2-Tapeworms (endoparasitic) 3-Flukes (endo or ectoparasitic) |
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Give characteristics and examples of Phylum Annelida
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Segmented worms
*segmented body plan; have a coelom that functions as hydrostatic skeleton Includes: Polychaetes, Oligochaetes(earthworms) and Leeches |
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Name the four groups of Phylum Mollusca and examples of each
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Bivalvia(clams, mussels, scallops)
Gastropoda(snails, nudibranchs) Polyplacophora(chitons) Cephalopoda(squid, nautilus, octopus) |
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What group is the most species-rich and morphologically diverse group in the Lophotrochozoa
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Mollusks
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What mollusk has eight calcium carbonate plates along their dorsal side?
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Polyplacophora(Chitons)
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What mollusk group has well-developed head and foot that is modified to form long tentacles? Most also have large brains and eyes with sophisticated lenses or use jet propulsion. most have some type of bony skeleton(internal/external)
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Cephalopoda(squid,nautilus,octopus)
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What is the primary characteristic of Ecdysozoans?
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All members of this lineage grow by molting- shedding of the exoskeleton or external covering(cuticle)
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What phylums are grouped into Lophotrochozoa?
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Rotifera, Platyminthes, Annelida, Mollusca
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What phylums are grouped into Ecdysozoa?
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Nematoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda
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Give characteristics/examples of the Phylum Nematoda
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(Roundworms)
*unsegmented worms with a pseudocoelom with a tube-within-a-tube body plan *no appendages and many are common parasites of humans |
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What are the characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda and what are its four groups?
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*segmented bodies, exoskeletons, jointed appendages
*body has distinct head and trunk regions *most species have compound eyes and antennae Groups: Myriapods, Chelicerata, Insecta, Crustaceans |
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Give characteristics/examples of the Arthropod group Myriapods
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(Millipedes, Centipedes)
*simple body has a series of short segments, each with one or two pairs of legs |
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Give characteristics/examples of the Arthropod group Chelicerata
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(Spiders, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs, daddy longlegs, scorpions)
*includes the arachnid group; most are terrestrial *named for appendages near the mouth called chelicerae *have simple eyes and lack antennae |
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Give characteristics/examples of the Arthropod group Insecta
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(Insects)
*have 3 body regions:head, thorax, abdomen and 3 pairs of legs on the ventral side of thorax *most have two pairs of wings on the dorsal side of thorax |
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Give characteristics/examples of the Arthropod group Crustaceans
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(Shrimp, Lobster, Crabs, Barnacles, Isopods, Copepods)
*have segmented body divided into the cephalothorax adn abdoment *many have a carapace- a platelike section of their exoskeleton that covers and protects the cephalothorax and mouthparts called mandibles |
